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Principles of lung surgery
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Saleem Islam, James D. Geiger, Steven S. Rothenberg, M. Kunisaki Shaun
Lobar overexpansion can be found in neonates and infants. This may be acquired from mucous plugs or structural abnormalities obstructing a portion of the airway. Congenital lobar overexpansion is caused by absence of the bronchial cartilage in 35% of cases, leading to ball valve-type air trapping. Occasionally, extrinsic compression (e.g. congenital heart anomalies) can lead to distal air trapping and overexpansion. Bronchogenic cysts are also seen in association with this condition. A number of cases result from alveolar hyperplasia in a specific lobe of the lung leading to an emphysematous appearance. The symptoms arise from compression of other thoracic and mediastinal structures, which may occur acutely or chronically. Some infants do not require surgical intervention and remain stable without removing the lesion. Of those who need an operation, 50% will develop symptoms within a few days of birth, while the remaining present a few months later. Chest radiograph will show a hyperlucent area in the affected chest with a variable degree of compression of the mediastinal structures. The diaphragm is flattened on the affected side (Figure 16.1a and b). Involvement is usually restricted to the upper lobes (42% left upper, 21% right upper, 35% right middle), with less than 1% involving the lower lobes. Differential diagnosis includes pneumothorax, pulmonary airway malformation, pneumatocele, and atelectasis.
Mediastinal tumours
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Bronchogenic cysts are formed during embryonic development as an anomalous budding of the laryngotracheal groove (144). These cysts are lined with ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium and contain bronchial glands and cartilaginous plates (6). Approximately 40% of bronchogenic cysts are symptomatic, resulting in cough, dyspnoea, or chest pain (144).
Respiratory disorders
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
Bronchogenic cyst. These are usually asymptomatic at birth and present when secondarily infected or they enlarge in size and compromise an adjacent airway. There is an air-fluid Level on CXR and treatment is with surgical excision
Embryogenesis of Ectopic Bronchogenic Cysts: Keep It Simple
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Cohn et al. [2] provide the classical theory that bronchogenic cysts are generated as a result of abnormal bronchial budding of the small lung bud given from the ventral wall of the pharynx. Others have proposed an origin from an accessory lung bud [3] or from an accessory bronchus [4]. Besides, it should be understood that the primitive trachea and esophagus are packed in a mass of mesenchyme, which will be the future mediastinum. The mediastinum tissue is continuous with the root of the neck cephalad, and the septum transversum just below; the latter will form the tendinous center of the diaphragm. It follows that a detached bronchogenic cyst can be found in these regions, such as at the bifurcation of the trachea (most common), the posterior mediastinum, the chest wall [4]. The cyst may also abandon the diaphragm to invade the abdominal cavity, and end intraperitoneally or extraperitoneally, thus found in the liver or the adrenal gland [4].
Lingual bronchogenic cyst in a young child: A case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2018
Agnes B. Gunnarsdottir, Johan S. Nilsson
Bronchogenic cysts are benign congenital malformations. They are part of a group of tumors called choristomas, or heterotopic cysts, or foregut duplication cysts. These are embryonic tumors characterized by normal tissue in abnormal sites. Choristomas can be lined with respiratory epithelium, i.e. ciliated pseudostratified squamous epithelium comprising mucous secreting cells, smooth muscle and cartilaginous tissue. They are then referred to as bronchogenic cysts. Choristomas can also be lined with gastrointestinal epithelium and are then termed alimentary cysts. There are even reports of cysts lined with a mix of these two types of epithelia [1,2]. Bronchogenic cysts are usually intra-thoracic, and extra-thoracic sites are rarely seen [3]. Only an extremely limited number of lingual bronchogenic cysts have been previously described [1,3–5]. We here present a case of a young boy with a lingual bronchogenic cyst.
Cardiac tamponade as a complication of bronchogenic cyst
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Noman Lateef, Jason Kuniyoshi, Azka Latif, Muhammad Junaid Ahsan, Kashif Shaikh, Bradley DeVrieze, Aiman Smer, Ahmed Aboeata
Bronchogenic cysts are relatively uncommon congenital lesions that are mostly asymptomatic or discovered as an incidental radiographic finding in adults.1 When present, symptoms are usually caused by compression of the surrounding structures or are due to complications. Infection and rupture of the cyst into the trachea and pericardial and pleural cavity are the most common complications.2 Herein we present a case of bronchogenic cyst complicated by development of cardiac tamponade.