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Hypoxia, Free Radicals, and Reperfusion Injury Following Cold Storage and Reperfusion of Livers for Transplantation
Published in John J. Lemasters, Constance Oliver, Cell Biology of Trauma, 2020
Ronald G. Thurman, Wenshi Gao, Henry D. Connor, Sigrid Bachmann, Robert T. Currin, Ronald P. Mason, John J. Lemasters
During cold ischemic storage, hepatocytes swell and bleb, but the time course of blebbing is much slower than during warm ischemia.7,122–124 After storage of rat liver for 16 h in Euro-Collins solution, sinusoids fill with blebs that frequently occlude the lumen. Bleb formation is less severe after shorter times of storage and occurs more slowly during preservation in UW solution. Bleb formation and swelling reverse upon warm perfusion. Indeed, after reperfusion with crystalloid buffers such as Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate solution, hepatocellular volume becomes less than in unstored livers. Little hepatocellular death and LDH release occur following reperfusion, even after storage times longer than when liver grafts will fail from storage injury,6 indicating that these changes are entirely reversible. Similarly, oxygen consumption and carbohydrate metabolism remain unaltered after storage and reperfusion.6,122,125 These findings demonstrate that primary nonfunction and graft failure from storage injury are not due to damage to hepatocytes.
Death at Depth
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
External ear barotraumata are seen in patients with either tight-fitting suit hoods or with occlusion of the external auditory canal (e.g. being blocked by cerumen or foreign bodies). Symptoms include pain in the affected ear, swelling, erythema, petechial haemorrhages and blood-filled cutaneous blebs [8].
Cell Biology of the Cytopathic Effect of Entamoeba Histolytica
Published in Roberto R. Kretschmer, Amebiasis: Infection and Disease by Entamoeba histolytica, 2020
Adolfo Martinez-Palomo, Arturo González-Robles, Bibiana Chavez
The MDCK monolayers, consisting of a single sheet of tightly adherent cells that form a continuous layer resembling an epithelial barrier,21 provide a suitable model which is destroyed in approximately 1 h when virulent axenic trophozoites and epithelial cells are incubated in a 1:1 ratio. Microcinematography revealed that prolonged contact between effector and target cells was not required for cytolysis to occur. In most instances, a hit-and-run effect was observed, in which, after maintaining contact for a few minutes with a given epithelial cell, an ameba usually moved on to another cell. With light microscopy the cytotoxic effect was not evident in target cells until several minutes after contact with an ameba. Cytolytic activity was the result of two types of interaction. The more common one initially involved the attachment and displacement of amebas over the epithelial cells. After contact with the trophozoites the first evident morphological modification of the MDCK cell was a widening of the intercellular spaces due to the gradual separation of adjacent cells. This was followed by the appearance of large blebs in the plasma membrane of otherwise apparently normal cells. Blebbing occurred later in many, but not all, of the neighboring cells. Subsequently, cells detached from the substrate individually or in groups.
The first gene therapy for RPE65 biallelic dystrophy with voretigene neparvovec-rzyl in Brazil
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022
Juliana M. Ferraz Sallum, Juliana Godoy, Andrea Kondo, Jose Mauro Kutner, Huber Vasconcelos, Andre Maia
A uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy was performed. The NGENUITY® 3D Visualization System (Alcon, Geneva, Switzerland) was used for a 23-gauge vitrectomy (Constellation Vision System, Alcon). Sclerotomies were performed 3.5 mm from the limbus. Following a standard core vitrectomy, a posterior vitreous detachment was induced with preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide. A complete vitrectomy was performed. One subretinal injection of 1.5 × 1011 vector genomes VN was administered internal to the upper vascular arcades using a PolyTip Cannula 25 g/38 g (MedOne Surgical, Sarasota, FL, USA) coupled to the Constellation automated injection system. Each dose delivered a total volume of 0.3 mL (300 μL). During the first surgery, a pre-bleb was used and during the second surgery the bleb was raised with the medication.
A study regarding follow-ups after green pit viper bites treated according to the practice guideline by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Rittirak Othong, Piyathida Keeratipornruedee
Using the 3 ICD-10 codes, 783 charts were identified. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, only 320 charts were finally included (Figure 1). Table 1 demonstrates that the majority of cases were male (56.3%), healthy (72.5%), and the median age was 44 years old (interquartile range (IQR): 30–55 years). Medications with antiplatelet action were routinely used in 2.5% of cases; however, none used anticoagulants. Approximately 40% of cases were bitten around or inside the house, and only 20% were bitten away from it. Regarding physical examination, two thirds were bitten in the lower extremity, and one third in the upper one. Only one in 320 cases had evidence of systemic bleeding. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions from the GPV bite (not mistakenly from the antivenom) were not found at the first ED visit or during the ED observation while awaiting lab results. Signs of local tissue damage such as hemorrhagic bleb (2.5%), severe swelling beyond 2 major joints (2%), and tissue necrosis (0.6%) were uncommon. In fact, most cases had minimal or no swelling (65.3%).
Effects of rosiglitazone/PHBV drug delivery system on postoperative fibrosis in rabbit glaucoma filtration surgery model
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Feng Zhang, Ke Liu, Zheng Pan, Mengdan Cao, Dengming Zhou, Hairong Liu, Yuting Huang, Xuanchu Duan
The rabbits were randomized to five treatment groups: (1) Group A (vehicle control) (n = 6): this group was using 0 mg/mL RSG/PHBV membrane during the operation; (2) Group B: this group was using 0.5 mg/mL RSG/PHBV membrane intraoperatively; (3) Group C: this group was using 5 mg/mL RSG/PHBV membrane intraoperatively; (4) Group D: this group was using 50 mg/ml RSG/PHBV membrane during the surgery. (5) mitomycin C-treated group (n = 6): this positive control group was using 0.4 mg/mL MMC cotton pat intraoperatively for about 3 min; We would track and follow up from postoperative day 1 to day 28. The bleb appearance, survival, IOP and complications were examined. In addition, these rabbits were killed on postoperative day (POD) 14 or 28 by an intravenous injection of overdose pentobarbital sodium and compared the scaring by performed immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. There are no intraoperative complications occurred in any rabbits, so no rabbits were excluded from this study.