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Proteins for Conditioning Hair and Skin
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
The first step, delivery of functional and stable enzymes to the skin's surface, has already been achieved through the use of two-component packaging: polyol-stabilized serine protease phase has been co-dispensed with an aqueous activation phase to provide skin smoothing effects (20). Other proposed combinations include a tocopheryl acetate phase co-dispensed with an esterase to generate free tocopherol and a magnesium ascorbyl phosphate phase co-dispensed with a phosphatase phase to delivery free ascorbic acid (vitamin C). These proposals were given noting the potential for allergenicity and recommended attachment of enzymes to substrates of sufficient size to preclude inhalation, as well as proper safety evaluation (as respiratory allergenicity testing of formulations is not typical). Enzyme technology has also been referenced in the mitigation and prevention of adult acne (57).
Acne Scarring and Asian Patients
Published in Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Kenneth R. Beer, Acne Scars, 2018
Evangeline B. Handog, Maria Juliet E. Macarayo, Chee Leok Goh
A multicenter epidemiological study of acne in Korea involving 1,236 participants [13] revealed a significant male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6 with more females in the older age group (19–35 years old) and carrying a longer acne duration (mean 7.7 years). Facial acne affected both sexes but the perioral area showed a female preponderance. Acne on the nose, neck, chest and back were more common among males. A more recent 10-year (2004–2013) multicenter study on 180,782 acne patients completed by the Korean Society for Acne Research [14] revealed a similar higher number among females. Adult acne (>18 years old) still accounted for the majority of cases (83.8%) with 14.4% belonging to the adolescent acne group (13–18 years). Childhood acne (<13 years old) at a proportion of 1.8%, had a male-to-female ratio of 4:6. There was a 60% increase in the total number of acne patients within the 10-year study and the authors attributed this significant rise to the increased awareness of Koreans about acne and its complications.
Allergic Vulvovaginitis
Published in William J. Ledger, Steven S. Witkin, Vulvovaginal Infections, 2017
William J. Ledger, Steven S. Witkin
There are a number of possibilities if the patient’s symptoms are triggered by intercourse. If the answer is affirmative and the partner is male, the physician should ask if the patient was exposed to the male ejaculate. If the vaginal reaction begins after the male ejaculates, there are two quick physician endeavors that have proven helpful. The couple should use a condom to see if the lack of exposure to the ejaculate eliminates the symptoms, and the patient should provide detailed information about her history of allergies and the male sexual partner’s medication and dietary history. Similar questions should be directed toward women in a female–female relationship. Occasionally, this exposes a direct cause and effect. Two uncommon examples from the Weill Cornell vulvovaginal clinic demonstrate this. One patient, allergic to tetracycline, was sexually involved with a male taking a low daily dose of an oral tetracycline product for adult acne. When the antibiotic was discontinued, the symptoms lessened and then completely disappeared over time. Another couple’s pattern of sexual activity included the male’s drinking large quantities of beer before the initiation of intercourse. When the beer-drinking stopped, so did the vaginal symptoms. These two cases are the exceptions, not the rule. Most women require continued use of the condom to avoid recurrence of symptoms. This is an effective diagnostic trial and can be a short-term solution for the couple. When testing reveals this incompatibility to seminal fluid, however, immunotherapy with the male’s purified seminal plasma protein fraction, although still experimental and not standardized, has been reported to help some patients.17
Reasons why adults do not seek treatment for acne: a survey of university students and staff
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Evan Baird, Ivy Click, Rebecca Kotsonis, Lorin Bibb
While the response rate to our survey was limited, a large sample size was a strength of the study. Compared to studies done on populations of adolescents combined with young adults, our study has demonstrated that reasons for not seeking treatment do differ, although some overlap does exist. Poli, et al. [3] as well as Ip, et al. [4] both cited the main reason for not seeking treatment in adolescents and young adults was the belief that acne will eventually resolve on its own. This survey found the top reason to be that adults are not bothered by it enough to seek treatment, although the belief that it will resolve on its own was the second most cited. The possible reasons for this observed difference are numerous. Perhaps adults are less affected by the appearance of their acne than teenagers are, or maybe adults suffer from more mild grades of acne? One study contrasting adult vs adolescent acne showed that adults actually experience more psychosocial impact than adolescents, and that adult acne populations share a similar distribution in grades of acne when compared to adolescents [5]. Perhaps one of the larger reasons that adults did not cite ‘believe it will resolve on its own’ as the top answer choice is because there may be a realization that it should have resolved by now if their acne was ever going to resolve on its own.
Efficacy of 30% azelaic acid peel in the nonpharmacological treatment of facial acne
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Anna Szymańska, Elzbieta Budzisz, Anna Erkiert-Polguj
Acne is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous apparatus affecting up to 100% of adolescents (1,2). Symptoms are divided into primary noninflammatory (open and closed comedones), primary inflammatory (papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts) and secondary acne lesions (including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and atrophic scars) (1). Both women and men are affected by acne equally. It is reported more and more often that acne lesions remain after puberty, even up to the fifth decade of life, as the so-called ‘adult acne’ (3,4). According to various sources from 20 to 54% of adults report acne symptoms (5). Due to the fact that a vast majority of these patients are women, in 2013 the term ‘adult female acne’ (AFA) was adopted (3,6,7). In 80% of patients, acne changes appear during puberty and do not disappear after reaching maturity (persistent acne). In other cases, the first symptoms of acne appear in adults, after the age of 21 years (late-onset acne) (3,4).
Exploring patient journeys through acne healthcare: a patient perspective
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Femke de Vries, Esther Tjin, Rieke Driessen, Hans Vehof, Peter van de Kerkhof
Furthermore, age and acne severity before seeking care were significant predictors for clinically relevant acne improvement. Older ages were associated with a greater likelihood of clinically improved acne, which can be explained by the different roles of hormones in the pathogenesis of adult acne and adolescent acne. In addition, adherence to acne-specific strategies per age might be of influence (35). A greater likelihood of clinical improvement was found in cases of higher severity before seeking help. These findings might be explained by the margin between PtGA scores at baseline and after care, which were larger in cases of more severe acne and more space to obtain a substantial proportion of ≥2 steps.