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An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Mary Anne S. Melo, Ashley Reid, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
Periodontal diseases are considered one of the leading causes of tooth loss. The destruction of the periodontal tissues involves the presence of bone resorption around the affected teeth and the formation of bone defects. Several materials are used as bone substitutes, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials such as demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA), inorganic bovine bone, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). These materials can act as a scaffold that osteoblasts can deposit and form new bone. Several bioactive materials such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), enamel matrix derivative (EMD), and amnion membrane (AM) can be combined with the bone graft materials to enhance the process of bone formation and periodontal regeneration. Both PRP and PRF have multiple growth factors that induce periodontal regeneration by modulating cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The use of EMD is suggested to regenerate tooth cementum. The use of AM is believed to suppress the periodontal inflammation and modulate the immune system to induce angiogenesis and wound healing.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Febe Carolina Vázquez Vázquez, Jael Adrián Vergara-Lope Núñez, Juan José Montesinos, Patricia González-Alva
Periodontal diseases are a group of infectious diseases that are characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, such as, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone and gingiva (Seo et al. 2004). Considered as the leading cause of tooth loss, periodontal diseases represent a public health burden worldwide (Holmstrup et al. 2017).
The gastrointestinal system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Sharon J. White, Francis A. Carey
Disease of the periodontal tissues presents as inflammation of the gingival tissues (gingivitis) or involves the gingivae, the periodontal ligament, and the related alveolar bone (periodontitis). Recent new classification of periodontal disease divides periodontal conditions into four categories: periodontal health, gingival disease and conditions, periodontitis, other conditions affecting the periodontium, and peri-implant diseases and conditions. The most common of these is gingivitis (Figure 10.3), which does not result in the loss of attachment of the periodontal tissues, is reversible and is usually caused by dental plaque but may also be influenced by other factors such as a genetic susceptibility. Periodontitis is measured in Stages (1–4) and Grades (A–C). The higher the stage the more advanced the disease. Grading reflects the rate of progression of disease and the risk of future progression A (slow progression), B (moderate rate of progression), or C (rapid progression). Local and systemic factors influence periodontitis, the most important of which is bacterial plaque within the pocket around the tooth. The inflammation in periodontitis results in the progressive loss of attachment of the periodontal ligament. The deepening of the gingival sulcus occurs with the formation of deep pockets. Prolonged inflammation results in osteoclastic resorption of the alveolar bone which leads to a lack of support and subsequent tooth loss if allowed to progress. Infrequently there may be an acute exacerbation of infection in such pockets and a periodontal abscess can develop.
Injectable platelet-rich fibrin positively regulates osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from implant hole via the ERK1/2 pathway
Published in Platelets, 2023
Jia Wang, Wanxin Li, Xuxia He, Simei Li, Hongwei Pan, Lihua Yin
Patients with tooth loss can present a significant challenge for implantology regarding anatomical limitations and technical difficulties. The presence of maxillary sinus and mandibular nerve canal limits proper implant placement. Although there is the good news that the bone defect in the oral can self-regenerate, bone remodeling may take several months to several years and shows apparent individual differences. Different strategies, surgical techniques, and materials have been employed to induce an optimal outcome in guided bone regeneration [1]. The bone gain was significantly reduced when healing complications occurred [2]. To reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was introduced into the research of stomatology by Marx in 1998 and is considered the first generation of blood products for oral treatment. Over the decades, blood products evolved the concept of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), advanced PRF(A-PRF), and injectable PRF (i-PRF). These are becoming an attractive and widely-used approach in regenerative dentistry [3–7]. Among them, 7 ml of elbow forearm whole blood was centrifuged at 700 rpm for 3 min, and the yellow upper liquid obtained was i-PRF [8]. It is simple to prepare and use, and there is no biological modification. Perhaps most crucially, it is a straightforward and affordable procedure regardless of one’s financial situation [9]. Besides the results from a study favored the use of the naturally-formulated i-PRF when compared to traditional PRP with anti-coagulants [10].
Satisfaction and preferences among patients with both implant-supported single crown and tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis: a pilot study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Minh Khai Le Thieu, Erik Klepsland Mauland, Anders Verket
Tooth loss is associated with reduced oral health-related quality of life [1] and several treatment options are available to replace missing teeth to restore function and aesthetics. For single tooth replacement, an implant-supported single crown (ISC) or a tooth supported fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) are common treatment modalities. Both options have demonstrated similar survival rates at 5-, 10- and 15-year follow-up [2,3]. Furthermore, technical and biological complications have also been reported for both treatment modalities [2–4]. The most frequent biological complications for FDPs were loss of abutment vitality, dental caries and periodontitis with cumulative 5-year complication rates at 6.1%, 4.8% and 0.4%, respectively. The highest complication rate for ISCs was due to soft tissue complications (8.6%). As for technical complications, the highest complication rates were recorded for loss of retention (3.3%) and material fractures (1.6%) for FDPs. For ISCs, the highest complication rates have been reported for porcelain fracture (4.5%) and loosening of abutment or occlusal screw (12.7%) [2].
Human periodontitis-associated salivary microbiome affects the immune response of diabetic mice
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Jinzhi He, Xin Shen, Di Fu, Yutao Yang, Kaixin Xiong, Lei Zhao, Huixu Xie, Georege Pelekos, Yan Li
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease occurring in the tooth-supporting structures [1]. It is the major reason for tooth loss throughout the world [1]. Worse still, periodontitis has been implicated to be a risk factor for several systemic diseases, of which the most well known is diabetes mellitus (DM) [2]. DM is a group of metabolic disorders due to defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism [3]. Periodontitis adversely affects glycemic control in diabetic patients and aggravates the development of diabetic complications [4], while periodontal therapy results in a modest improvement of glycemic control in individuals with DM [5]. A bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and DM has been revealed by the fact that the risk for periodontitis increases 2 ~ 3 times in DM patients compared to people with normal glycemia [2]. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the two-way relationship between periodontitis and DM not only has important clinical implications for developing strategies to treat these two widespread diseases but also provides crucial clues to understand the vicious feed-forward loop between oral and systemic diseases.