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Ancient Egypt
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
The embalming practices and mummification techniques imparted a level of knowledge about anatomy that far surpassed that of the Mesopotamian or Greek doctor.16 The viscera were removed entirely and inspected at the beginning of the embalming process. Their specialization of various medical disciplines reminds us of our modern distinctions of the different fields of medicine. Inscriptions revealing various surgical instruments indicate that surgical intervention was available, albeit in a limited capacity. Circumcision was widely practiced. Contraceptives and abortifacients were written about extensively. Dentists could fill carious teeth. Parasitic illnesses, especially ones caused by worms, were rampant, as were various maladies such as blindness, heart attack, fractures, and dislocations; all of these things had treatments. Prosthetic limbs have been uncovered by archeologists. Bloodletting was not yet practiced—the Egyptians saw no reason for doing so as they did with the enemas.17 The medicine that the Egyptians practiced was logical and coherent in keeping with their understanding of the world around them.
Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
When a diabetic patient must have oral surgery, his or her meal schedule may need to be changed, as well as the dosing of insulin. Abscesses or acute infections should still be treated immediately. Healing after oral surgery may take longer for diabetics. Once periodontal disease is treated successfully, controlling blood sugar levels usually becomes easier. Diabetics must have dental checkups every 3–4 months. It is important to brush and floss every day to remove bacteria that cause gum disease. A dentist must be visited at least once per year, or more if there are any warning signs or risk factors present.
Strip Crowns for Primary Incisors
Published in M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson, Restorative Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry, 2021
M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson
The strip crown technique is a quick, simple and effective method for the restoration of primary incisors. Most children are delighted by the improvement in their appearance, and it is hoped that this will encourage an interest in their dental health from both parents and child. Nevertheless, there are a few problems that might be encountered by the dentist. Some of these and their solutions are outlined in Table 6.1.
Effect of pain neuroscience education and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Mauro Barone, Fernando Imaz, Diego Bordachar, Isabella Ferreira, Leonardo Intelangelo
A 67-year-old woman sought physiotherapy service reporting pain, dysfunction, and sensory loss in the left jaw. The patient reported that the condition started 8 months before the first consultation as a sharp and throbbing headache on the left side, which forced her to interrupt her rest day from work. On the next day, the pain expanded to the lower teeth and the patient consulted a dentist, who diagnosed her with a periodontal problem. After four failed anesthesia procedures attempts, the dentist performed a root canal treatment without relief. On the following day, the patient noticed the presence of skin blisters on the left chin, with features of impetiginized lesions. A home-visiting physician diagnosed her with trigeminal PHN and prescribed oral Acyclovir, vitamin B, and Ibuprofen 4 times a day. After two days without improvement of the symptoms, the patient sought medical attention in a private hospital of Rosario (Argentina) where she was hospitalized for four days for medical examinations and treated with intravenous Acyclovir, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, and Tramadol. After hospitalization, the patient continued taking Acyclovir 800 mg and Tramadol 25 mg orally 4 times daily for a month. After two months, she was instructed to stop the intake of Acyclovir and to continue the treatment with 40 drops of Tramadol daily. During the next month, the doctor allowed her to reduce the dose by one drop according to the severity of the symptoms. During these two months, the pain reached its higher intensity, and the patient spent most of her time in the bedroom.
Regression modelling of interval censored data based on the adaptive ridge procedure
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2022
Olivier Bouaziz, Eva Lauridsen, Grégory Nuel
The method is illustrated on a dental dataset. Three hundred and twenty-two patients with 400 avulsed and replanted permanent teeth were followed-up prospectively in the period from 1965 to 1988 at the university hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. The following replantation procedure was used: the avulsed tooth was placed in saline as soon as the patient was received at the emergency ward. If the tooth was obviously contaminated, it was cleaned with gauze soaked in saline or rinsed with a flow of saline from a syringe. The tooth was replanted in its socket by digital pressure. The patients were then examined at intermittent visits to the dentist. In this study, we focussed on a complication called ankylosis characterised by the fusion of the tooth to the bone such that the variable of interest T is the time from replantation of the tooth to ankylosis. This complication may occur if the cells on the root surface is damaged in which case, healing of the periodontal ligament surrounding the tooth will be impaired, leading to local ingrowth of bone. Ankylosis cannot be arrested and gradually the root of the tooth will be replaced by bone which will eventually lead to tooth loss. The data are described in great details in Ref. [2] and were analysed using our adaptive ridge method in Ref. [15].
Analytical review on the biocompatibility of surface-treated Ti-alloys for joint replacement applications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
According to the above study, materials used for total joint replacement are ceramic-on-polyethylene, metal-on-polyethylene, ceramic-on-ceramic, and metal-on-metal. Many researchers recently developed a hybrid combination of these materials [36,37]. Many factors influence when selecting material for designing THR, such as load-bearing capacity, cost, body compatibility, toxicity, complication during surgery, etc. For hard tissue substitution, for instance, hip joint replacement, only biocompatibility is not considered when manufacturing biomaterials. The other contributing factors, such as low modulus, high corrosion resistance, low density, high fatigue resistance, high ductility, high tensile strength, and affordable cost, must be focused on manufacturing biomaterials [38]. Among all materials, the best mechanical and biological properties are achieved by metallic materials, for example, Cobalt-chromium alloy, Titanium (Ti) alloy, etc [39,40]. Stainless steel was generally used for noninvasive fracture-fixation implants as it shows resistance to oxidation during the machining process. But in THR, it is rarely used due to its poor biocompatibility [41]. Dentists generally employ Co-Cr alloys for dental applications or making dental implant devices. But further, its application was expanded for hip prostheses due it its favorable mechanical properties, high corrosion, and wear resistance. It is mainly used for cemented femoral stems due to its high young’s modulus [42].