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Outcomes of Nonsurgical Retreatment and Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
Studies that have made direct comparisons among root-end filling materials have consistently shown that modern materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) offer more favourable clinical outcomes when compared with amalgam.15 Three-quarters of articles in this systematic review, however, reported the use of amalgam as a root-end filling material. A meta-analysis of root-end filling materials by Fernandez-Yanez et al.16 reported that amalgam is associated with the lowest success rate compared with intermediate restorative material (IRM), super ethoxybenzoic acid cement (Super-EBA), and MTA. They also noted that MTA was the most biocompatible material studied and offers the best physical properties in vitro.
Antibacterial, pH Neutralizing, and Remineralizing Fillers in Polymeric Restorative Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Maria S. Ibrahim, Michael D. Weir, Hockin H.K. Xu
The use of glass ionomer and RMGI as direct pulp-capping materials was also associated with chronic inflammation and no bridge formation (do Nascimento et al. 2000). Instead, calcium hydroxide is successful and has been used as a gold standard for direct pulp capping for centuries. Calcium hydroxide is effective in reducing the number of microorganisms after 1 h contact (Stuart et al. 1991). In addition to its high pH, it is suggested that calcium hydroxide may solubilize bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta one (TBF-β1) in order to induce the pulpal repair via dentinogenesis (Hilton 2009). The data retrieved from several human studies illustrated that MTA has a higher success rate than calcium hydroxide in reducing dental pulp inflammation and enhancing dentin bridge formation (Asgary et al. 2008; Mohammadi and Dummer 2011).
Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
Another type of apexification named ‘apical MTA plug’ was described using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). MTA is a repair material made of fine hydrophilic particles of tri/dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium oxide and silicate oxide (Parirokh and Torabinejad 2010). MTA is placed into the root canal space and acts as a mechanical barrier to prevent coronal leakage and penetration of microorganisms. Some disadvantages of this material are difficulty to manipulate, the possibility of tooth discoloration and difficulty to remove from the root canal However, neither calcium hydroxide nor MTA barrier technique allow further root growth in length, maturation of the apex or root wall thickening. New calcium silicate-based materials have recently been developed with the purpose of improving clinical use and overcoming MTA limits BiodentineTM is a bioceramic made of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and iron oxide. It is mixed with a hydrosoluble polymer and calcium chloride to decrease the setting time (Rajasekharan et al. 2014). This biomaterial has shown reduced setting time with interesting physical and biological properties as a dentine restorative material (Koubi et al. 2013; Topçuoglu and Topçuoğlu 2016).
Which procedures and materials could be applied for full pulpotomy in permanent mature teeth? A systematic review
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
M. Zanini, M. Hennequin, PY. Cousson
Overall, the clinical and biological effects of pulp capping materials are not related, except for calcium silicate cements that can result in both pulp healing and clinical success. Positive clinical results were also reported with CH or CH covered with ZOE or IRM®, despite the lack of regular tertiary dentinogenesis induction [36,62,63,65,66]. The setting time of the pulp capping material may be considered before using it in clinical routine. For example, the setting time of MTA is rather long, more than two hours, leading to a delay in the permanent restoration and increasing the risk of immediate post-operative contamination [92]. Recent commercial forms of MTA, such as MTA Angelus® or MM-MTA®, CEM and Biodentine® (Septodont, St Maur des Fossés) have a faster setting time [97]. Calcium silicate-based cements are expensive and economic considerations could limit the routine use of MTA or Biodentine®. In such situations, the use of CH or CH covered with zinc oxide eugenol materials (ZOE or IRM®) could be a valuable alternative in combination with an immediate and long-term seal of the coronal restoration.
Orthodontic management of a non-vital immature tooth treated with regenerative endodontics: a case report
Published in Journal of Orthodontics, 2018
Zynab Jawad, Claire Bates, Mandeep Duggal, Hani Nazzal
Traditionally, calcium hydroxide apexification has been used in managing these teeth, however, the long-term use of calcium hydroxide has been shown to result in denaturation of dentinal portions and reduction in dentine modulus of elasticity leading to cervical root fractures (Cvek 1992; Al-Jundi 2004; Twati et al. 2009). The use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in creating a physical barrier against which root canals can be obturated is currently considered the gold standard in managing these teeth (Chala et al. 2011), however, despite the good success in the short to medium terms, currently there are no long-term data on the success of this technique (Chala et al. 2011; Nazzal and Duggal 2017; Tong et al. 2017). Both these techniques have a fundamental problem in that although they allow root canal obturation, they do not contribute to any quantitative or qualitative increase in root dimensions, therefore, they are mainly useful in those teeth with a minimum of half root length formation (Nazzal and Duggal 2017). Non-vital immature teeth with less than half root length formation pose a huge challenge with very poor short and long-term prognosis (Nazzal and Duggal 2017).
The effects of mineral trioxide aggregate on osteo/odontogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells: a comprehensive and systematic literature review
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2020
Danial Babaki, Sanam Yaghoubi, Maryam M. Matin
Numerous in/ex vivo and in vitro studies have illustrated extensive applications of MTA in endodontic treatments, specifically including revitalization procedure and stem cell-based dentin-pulp complex therapies. In this review, by organizing the literatures on the modulation of osteo/odontoblast-like differentiation of MSCs through introducing MTA, we came to this inevitable conclusion that various means of MTA treatment can promote mineralization and expression/overexpression of osteo/odontogenic markers in MSCs. However, future studies should continue to minimize experimental shortcomings. For example, they should focus on developing quantitative methodologies and performing experiments with a larger sample size to confirm these conclusions.