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An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Mary Anne S. Melo, Ashley Reid, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
Currently, the use of guided tissue regeneration is recommended to relocate the cells to a specific site to induce the desired action of regeneration. In periodontics, combining guided tissue regeneration with grafted materials can be used to treat bone defects, furcation involvement, and gingival recession (Ramseier et al. 2012). More recently, gene delivery to the affected site may provide better stability and efficient regeneration compared to delivering such protein or growth factor. The delivery of human platelet-derived growth factor-β gene is associated with greater cementum and alveolar bone regeneration compared to the delivery of platelet-derived growth factor-β factor (Jin et al. 2004). Also, the delivery of bone morphogenetic protein genes can be used to treat significant bone defects and induce bone regeneration around dental implants (Dunn et al. 2005; Jin et al. 2003). Further research is needed to investigate the advancement of proteins and gene delivery and their interactions with surrounding tissues and oral microorganisms.
Gingiva and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Avita Rath, Preena Sidhu, Priyadarshini Hesarghatta Ramamurthy, Bennete Aloysius Fernandesv, Swapnil Shankargouda, Sultan Orner Sheriff
Guided tissue regeneration uses biocompatible barrier membranes to enable selective cellular recolonization of periodontal defects. The principle involves the use of a barrier membrane to exclude tissues that are unable to promote periodontal regeneration, such as the rapidly proliferative epithelium that grows along the root surface and the gingival connective tissues that fill the periodontal defect. Instead, this technique facilitates the repopulation of the defect with cells that can re-establish the periodontal attachment apparatus, namely those from the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The concept of GTR is supported by histological evidence of periodontal regeneration following the use of this technique (Jepsen et al. 2002). The membranes used can be either nonresorbable or resorbable, but due to decreased postoperative complications and a reduced number of surgical procedures, resorbable membranes have become more popular.
Basic and advanced implantology – A European perspective
Published in John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan, Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
John Cawood, Mohan Francis Patel
Advances in both surgical technology and surgical techniques have increased the predictability of preimplant surgery and have also reduced the morbidity of such surgery. Technological advances include improved imaging techniques, dedicated instrumentation, bone plates and screws and development of biomaterials such as bone substitutes and membranes for guided tissue regeneration. Computerized tomography (CT) allows accurate measurements to be made and provides information on bone density. Interactive planning has refined treatment planning and treatment execution. Computer-generated models (stereolithography) allow for simulated surgery and provision of templates – further increasing the predictability of the treatment outcome (Figure 12.1).
Platelet rich plasma in oral and maxillofacial surgery from the perspective of composition
Published in Platelets, 2021
Eduardo Anitua, Sofía Fernández-de-Retana, Mohammad H. Alkhraisat
In contrast, regarding the application of P-PRP, one systematic review has been published, reporting the benefits that P-PRP could bring in the wound healing and swelling, although the evidence regarding bone regeneration remained controversial [77]. In this sense, two non-controlled retrospective studies have reported high bone regeneration when P-PRP in combination with biomaterials or autologous bone grafts were applied both in horizontal [78] and vertical [79] bone augmentation surgeries, reporting high bone regeneration and high implant survival rate in those positions. In agreement with these results, an RCT evaluated the efficacy of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) alone or in combination with P-PRP for horizontal bone augmentation, reporting higher bone regeneration and percentage of vital bone in the P-PRP group [80]. Similarly, an RCT reported lower Ti-mesh exposure in horizontal bone augmentation surgeries in severe atrophic maxilla when the Ti-mesh was covered with P-PRP [81] (Figure 3).
Barrier membranes for tissue regeneration in dentistry
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Jun-Ichi Sasaki, Gabriela L. Abe, Aonan Li, Pasiree Thongthai, Ririko Tsuboi, Tomoki Kohno, Satoshi Imazato
In dentistry, barrier membranes are used to improve the prognosis in the regeneration of periodontal tissue, including in the bifurcation area and bone augmentation associated with implant treatment [1–3]. In 1982, Nyman et al. [4] succeeded in forming new attachment to tooth in human by directing periodontal tissue regeneration using a barrier membrane. Studies of dental regeneration have since advanced and operation protocols such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) have been widely accepted for clinical application [5,6]. Barrier membranes implanted over the tissue defect area prohibit cell invasion from the gingival epithelium and connective tissue [7,8]. It has been reported that the shielding function is required to last 4–6 weeks for periodontal tissue regeneration and 16–24 weeks for bone augmentation [9,10], therefore barrier membranes need to persist between the gingiva and alveolar bone for longer than these time frames. This shielding function maintains the space for tissue regeneration and selectively guides the periodontal ligament derived cells or bone formation cells to the defect area [11,12].
Nano-hydroxyapatite use in dentistry: a systematic review
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Ioana Roxana Bordea, Sebastian Candrea, Gabriela Teodora Alexescu, Simion Bran, Mihaela Băciuț, Grigore Băciuț, Ondine Lucaciu, Cristian Mihail Dinu, Doina Adina Todea
A different approach of guided tissue regeneration is offered by Besinis et al. (2014) who tried, in an in vitro study, to remineralize dentin collagen. The dentin blocks were infiltrated with nano particles of silica and hydroxyapatite, after fully demineralization of native hydroxyapatite in 4 N formic acid, and immersed in artificial saliva. The assessment was conducted in terms of quantification of Ca and P levels, mineral volume percentage and mineral separation in comparison to non-infiltrated control blocks. Evaluation was performed in a 12 weeks period by means of TEM, EDS and micro-CT. The HA group showed a 55% restoration of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) whereas the best results were obtained by silica nanoparticles infiltration, restoring 20% of the P levels of sound dentin. Heterogeneous mineralization is thus encouraged.