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Medical Imaging Informatics
Published in Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam, Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam
Abdominal X-ray is used to assess structures in the abdomen, including stomach, spleen and intestines. KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) X-ray depicts the structures in the bladder and kidney. X-rays are also used to detect pathology, such as abdominal masses and fluid buildup, certain types of gallstones, kidney stones, injury to the abdominal tissue, bowel (or intestinal) obstruction, gastrointestinal perforations (from the resultant free air) and ascites (accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity) free fluid. Dentists use dental radiography for the diagnoses of common oral problems, such as cavities, bone-loss, hidden dental structures and benign and malignant masses.
Imaging techniques, including computed tomography-guided biopsy and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography
Published in John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan, Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
X-rays are produced by a point source and, after passing through the body part of interest, are detected by nonscreen (dental radiography) or intensifying screen/film combinations (extraoral radiography). Selected facial radiographic views are listed in Table 1.1. Tomography refers to a technique whereby the x-ray source and film move during the exposure. The aim is to demonstrate only a ‘section’ which is in focus whereas structures outside this section are blurred. Applications include conventional dental panoramic tomography, tomograms of the temporomandibular joints and mandibular tomograms for implant planning.
CBCT of Swedish children and adolescents at an oral and maxillofacial radiology department. A survey of requests and indications
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Samara Hajem, Susanne Brogårdh-Roth, Mats Nilsson, Kristina Hellén-Halme
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a newer radiological technique used in dental and maxillofacial radiology giving high diagnostic quality [1–3]. It is based on volumetric tomography and yields images in three dimensions: in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes. However, the technique delivers a relatively high radiation dose to the patients compared to traditional dental radiographic techniques but less than medical tomography, CT. The European Commission has established guidelines and regulations [4] for CBCT use in European Union (EU) member countries. Studies have evaluated various CBCT examinations to verify the need for this technique [5–7]. Studies have also investigated CBCT units from various manufacturers to measure radiation doses to patients. It was found that, due to the numerous technical settings, such as field of view (FOV), tube voltage (kV), and tube current (mA), the delivered radiation dose can vary greatly between units [8–10]. The advantage of CBCT compared with conventional dental radiography, however, is a greater amount of information, which is expected to allow more accurate radiographic evaluation.
Comparison of periodontal inflammatory parameters among habitual gutka-chewers and naswar-dippers: a split-mouth retrospective clinical study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Zohaib Akram, Tariq Abduljabbar, Mervyn Hosain, Zeyad H. Al-Sowygh, Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi, Fahim Vohra, Fawad Javed
Digital full-mouth radiographs were taken using a dental radiography machine (CareStream Dental LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA). The radiographs were viewed on a calibrated computer screen (Samsung SyncMaster digital TV monitor, Seoul, Korea) using a software program (Image Tool 3.0 Program; Department of Dental Diagnostic Science, University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, TX, USA). ABL was defined as the vertical distance from 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the most crestal part of marginal bone. ABL was presented as the average of the sum of the mean mesial and distal ABL [13]. All radiographic examinations were performed by a trained and calibrated investigator (ZA) (kappa = 0.89). Third molars and teeth surfaces on which, the CEJ and/or the crestal bone were not clearly visible due to of technical reasons (such as dental restorations, interproximal caries, overlapping of teeth, and/or poor radiographic quality) were not assessed.
Trabecular bone patterns as a fracture risk predictor: a systematic review
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Astera Johanen, Grethe Jonasson, Henrik Lund, Susanne Bernhardsson, Jennie Hagman, Dominique Hange, Ann Liljegren, Cecilia Persson, Ida Stadig, Constanze Wartenberg, Petteri Sjögren, Magnus Hakeberg
A combination of a FRAX score >15% and sparse trabeculation in mandibular bone may predict major fractures. FRAX is easily assessed and with training, visual trabecular pattern on intraoral radiographs could be assessed in dental clinics. Firstly, they all have devices to perform intraoral radiography and, secondly, dentists are well trained in interpreting dental radiographs as well as working with prevention.