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Hypnosis
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
Memory Changes — Memory changes, such as hypermnesia, paramnesia or amnesia, can be induced under hypnosis. Unless other suggestions are given, the subject frequently experiences memory loss upon awakening (posthypnotic amnesia). This phenomenon can often be deepened by suggestion. Generally, paramnesia rather than total amnesia should be implied so that the patient forgets only specific things concerning the session (e.g., unpleasant aspects of the treatment). Hypermnesia (to remember things apparently forgotten) is sometimes used in hypnotherapy as well as in criminal investigations.
Posthypnotic Amnesia in Hypnotizability Assessment: Validation of a New Scoring System for the Hypnotic Induction Profile
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2021
Conceptually, posthypnotic amnesia is a phenomenon related to the transition from a habitual level of awareness in and out of the hypnotic state. Historically, late 19th- and 20th-century scales of hypnotic phenomena considered spontaneous posthypnotic amnesia as an indicator of hypnotic depth (Cooper, 1972; Council, 2002). More recently, Woody et al. (2005) described posthypnotic amnesia as one of the four pillars of their 4-factor model of hypnotizability. As posthypnotic amnesia is often viewed and addressed as a facet of hypnotizability, the A item in the HIP is better grouped with the HIF factor than the SBL factor. Therefore, we hypothesized that a unidimensional hypnotizability score that includes posthypnotic amnesia would better represent hypnotizability as a latent construct. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) aiming to test whether including Item A alongside the five items of the IND is a good fit with the one-factor model and whether it improves the conceptualization of IND as a hypnotizability measure.
Hypnotizability May Relate to Interoceptive Ability to Accurately Perceive Sleep Depth: An Exploratory Study
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2022
Maren Jasmin Cordi, Bjoern Rasch
Although the unwilling, automatic ability to shift between states of consciousness is inherent in every living creature, such results indicate that the transition between states can be manipulated externally. Similar to facilitating sleep, hypnotic induction procedures aim to elicit the shift from wakefulness to hypnosis. The proneness to respond to such instructions or to experience suggested alterations is referred to as hypnotizability (Elkins et al., 2015). It has been shown to be a stable, trait-like characteristic in long-term investigations (Piccione et al., 1989). Hypnotizability is measured by standardized questionnaires, which usually consist of a hypnotic induction procedure, followed by behavioral suggestions, such as in the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (Shor & Orne, 1962). The suggestions increase in difficulty from simple motor responses over alterations of perception to posthypnotic amnesia. Afterward, the subject self-rates whether he or she had followed those suggestions summing up to a maximum of 12 points, indicating 12 followed items. In the German version, there is a second part, focusing on the inner, subjective experience during each of those 12 steps (Bongartz, 1985). In our sample, r(255) = .66, p < .001, but also others (Piesbergen & Peter, 2005), those two dimensions correlate strongly, r(129) = .63, p < .001. This suggests that people who score high on the behavioral part would likely also indicate experiencing altered sensation, perception, or state during the hypnotic session. Usually, the first component is relevant for grouping the subjects into high and low hypnotizability.