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Nelumbo nucifera
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Pulok K. Mukherjee, Debayan Goswami, Bhaskar Das, Subhadip Banerjee
Normally lotus seeds are rich in protein, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals (Wu et al. 2007). Lotus seeds were also found to contain a variety of minerals like Cr (0.0042%), Na (1.00%), K (28.5%), Ca (22.10%), Mg (9.20%), Cu (0.0463%), Zn (0.0840%), Mn (0.356%) and Fe (0.1990%). Other relevant nutritional values include total ash (4.50%), moisture (10.50%), crude carbohydrate (1.93%), crude fibre (10.60%), fat (72.17%), protein (2.70%) and energy value (348.45 cal/100 g) (Indrayan et al. 2005). The major secondary metabolites present in the seeds are liensinine (1), isoliensinine (2), neferine (3), nuciferine (4), lotusine (5), demethylcoclaurine (6), pronuciferine (7), armepavine (8), dauricine (9), nelumboferine (10), methylcorypalline (11), rhamnetin (12), oleanolic acid (13) and gallic acid (14) (Chopra et al. 1956; Furukawa et al. 1965; Koshiyama et al. 1970; Liu et al. 2006; Rai et al. 2006; Chen et al. 2007c; Sridhar and Bhat 2007; Mukherjee et al. 2009; Kredy et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2012; Nishimura et al. 2013; Yang and Chen 2013; Addelhamid et al. 2015).
Sleep-promoting activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) rhizome water extract via GABAA receptors
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yejin Ahn, Singeun Kim, Chunwoong Park, Jung Eun Kim, Hyung Joo Suh, Kyungae Jo
Our previous studies confirmed the sleep-promoting activity of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus) seed and leaf extracts (Jo et al. 2021b; Kim et al. 2021). Interestingly, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) present in lotus seeds was found to be the sleep-promoting compound that acted through the GABAA receptor. Similarly, quercetin-3-glucuronide in lotus leaf extract was found to increase sleep time and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep by binding to the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Lotus is a perennial aquatic plant that grows in ponds or swamps. In Asian countries, including Korea, China, Japan and Vietnam, all parts of the lotus, including flowers, rhizomes and leaves, are used as food. Along with the lotus leaf, the rhizome has the largest market as an edible food item; it is a common vegetable in China and is used in various dishes or even eaten raw (Yang et al. 2007). In particular, the rhizome has long been used as antipyretic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory in oriental medicine prescriptions (Mukherjee et al. 1997; Sridhar and Bhat 2007; Zhao et al. 2014). However, to date, the sleep-promoting activity of lotus rhizome (LE) has not been studied. This study investigated the sleep-promoting activity of LEs, which is the second most part consumed after its leaves.
Protective effect of neferine against UV-B-mediated oxidative damage in human epidermal keratinocytes
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Abidullah Khan, Hongliang Bai, Enqi Liu, Mingxia Chen, Chunshui Yu, Rui Wang, Amin Khan, Zhuanli Bai
Chemoprevention of cutaneous photodamage and photoaging require agents with potent bioactivity that can alter or slow down the skin aging process. Many traditional Chinese medicines can protect the skin against environmental factors, and lotus seed embryos have been used for centuries as it is believed to prevent aging. In the aging process, the free radical theory is a primary theoretical mechanism particularly in skin aging since we are regularly exposed to UV radiation. Many studies suggest that UV-B radiation mediate ROS (e.g. singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical) in HEKs and leads to cell damage (22,23). Our results demonstrate that neferine has scavenging activity against ROS. Pretreatment with neferine significantly reduced ROS in UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner, thereby may minimize oxidative stress and cellular damage.