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Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalypts) and Ficus religiosa (Sacred Fig)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Surendra Pratap Singh, Bhoomika Yadav, Kumar Anupam
The botanical name of Sacred fig is Ficus religiosa Linn. (Ficus religiosa) Syn-Ficus caudata Stokes; Ficus peepul Griff. and it belongs to the Moraceae (Moraceae) family. F. religiosa is also known by other names within the country or abroad. F. religiosa names in different languages are listed in Table 21.4 (Khare, 2008).
Lessons to Be Learnt from Ayurveda
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
Prachi Garodia, Sosmitha Girisa, Varsha Rana, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Bharat B. Aggarwal
Oral administration of aqueous extract of Ficus religiosa bark (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) in diabetic mice models significantly reduced the blood glucose levels, signifying its anti-diabetic activity. There was also an increase in the levels of serum insulin and glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscle of S.T.Z.-induced diabetic rats, whereas the levels of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were reduced. The extract was also found to have a role in decreasing lipid-peroxidation activity in the pancreatic cells of S.T.Z.-induced diabetic rats (Pandit et al. 2010).
Nutritional and Medicinal Benefits of Ficus carica
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Tree as a metaphysical or holy object is not a novel concept, but the occurrence of figs amid this category is quite incredible. Numerous religions discuss trees and the unseen objects associated with them; while a number of them have no equivalent in the world, others are recognised as certain species, e.g. the ‘tree of life' of Egyptians as the Ficus sycomorus, the ‘sky tree' of Indians as Ficus religiosa and the mythic world in Hinduism with Ficus benghalensis (Eliade, 1987; Forlong, 1883; Hamilton, 2002). Ficus benghalensis and Ficus religiosa are considered holy trees by Hindus and Buddhists correspondingly, all around the globe. Ficus religiosa is considered the ‘Bodhi tree' in which Gautama perceived light and meditated, thus arising as the ‘enlightened one', Buddha. In accordance with the mythology of the Hindu religion, Brahma was changed into Ficus benghalensis (male), which is observed as the partner of Ficus religiosa (female) (Wilson & Wilson, 2013). In several treatises of Hinduism, an individual who plants both Ficus benghalensis and Ficus religiosaprotects themself from being transferred to hell (Jain & Kapoor, 2007). Since these species are believed to be the residences of gods, they are related to several taboos and beliefs. The Mikhir in the region of Assam assume that damaging or cutting Ficus benghalensis or Ficus religiosa is as sinful and immoral as murdering a saint (Jain & Kapoor, 2007), while all species of Ficus carica are regarded as sacred by all castes of the Hindu religion and never chopped down (Gadgil, 1987). In Asia, the Karbi people (in northeastern India) consider figs to be the sign of devils and demons. They particularly avoid giant groves of Ficus benghalensis, where ghosts or spirits are thought to live (Teron, 2009).
Therapeutic prospective of plant-induced silver nanoparticles: application as antimicrobial and anticancer agent
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Krushna C. Hembram, Rahul Kumar, Laxman Kandha, Pankaj K. Parhi, Chanakya N. Kundu, Birendra K. Bindhani
Major challenge for green AgNPs before forwarding to human trials are to confirm its cytotoxicity level in all kinds of cells, should be compatible, degradable and less or no side effects. Most of the on-going research in AgNPs and its cytotoxicity are in vitro assays and shows non-toxic effect in various cells which is significantly differs from the in vivo experiments [20]. But not much work has been reported regarding toxicity of AgNPs in animal models. One recent work reported that Ficus religiosa-mediated AgNPs are tested in rats and no significant changes was observed, so its biocompatible nature might be useful in nanomedicine [43]. Reports also suggested that the toxicity of the AgNP depends upon it size, concentration, shape and the reducing chemicals which were used. Cytotoxicity mostly depends upon the size and surface area of nanoparticles; smaller nanoparticles have larger surface area. In biological system, application of AgNPs can have interaction with various proteins which could lead to unexpected effects and interfering the normal biological activities [53]. So to overcome this concern, scientist have to discover about the interaction of AgNPs with proteins in-vivo for better understanding and hence confidence to use it in the cancer therapy. Apart from the above discussed challenges some limitations should be addressed for better effectiveness of nanoparticles; these are (i) reducing physiological barriers (ii) enhancing permeability and (iii) its retention in the cell [52].
Synergistic effect and efflux pump inhibitory activity of Ficus nitida phenolic extract with tetracycline against some pathogenic bacteria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Mohamed A. Embaby, Mohamed A. El-Raey, Mohamed Zaineldain, Omar Almaghrabi, Diaa A. Marrez
Combination of F. nitida bark phenolic extract with tetracycline showed synergistic effect against the tested antibiotic-resistant bacteria with significant decrease in MIC value of both phenolic extract and tertacycline. The leaves, barks, and fruits of Ficus species contain various bioactive constituents, e.g. cunnamic acid, naringenin, quercetin, caffeic acid, and stigmasterol that exhibited antibacterial activity against several strains of pathogenic bacteria (Sirisha et al. 2010). Nair and Mahesh (2016) found that F. microcarpa stem bark and root bark acetone extract had antibacterial activity against St. aureus, E. coli, and Ps. aeruginosa with MIC value varied from 9.37 and 37.5 mg ml−1. Different extracts, aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and chloroform of Ficus religiosa bark and leaves showed high antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, St. aureus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, Sa. typhi, Sa. typhimurium, and Proteus vulgaris (Hemaiswarya et al. 2009, Preeti et al. 2010, Manimozhi et al. 2012). Oyeleke et al. (2008) found that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Ficus capensis bark had antibacterial activity against E. coli and Shigella sp., while no activity was observed against Sa. typhi. Also, F. capensis bark and leaf ethanolic extract had antibacterial activity against St. aureus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae (Adebayo-Tayo and Odeniyi 2012). Murti and Kumar (2011) reported that Ficus benghalensis and Ficus racemosa roots ethanolic extracts showed antibacterial activity against St. aureus, Ps. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae at different concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg ml−1).
Molecular mechanism and research progress on pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine in liver injury
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Hong Yang Zhang, Hong Ling Wang, Guo Yue Zhong, Ji Xiao Zhu
Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae) (Parameswari et al. 2013), Bacopa monnieri L. (Composite) (Evan et al. 2016), Tamarix gallica L. (Tamaricaceae) (Urfi et al. 2018), monoammonium glycyrrhizin (Zhou et al. 2016) and kaempferol (Shih et al. 2013) can reduce the depletion of glutathione and MDA levels, and thus inhibit hepatic injury induced by INF/RIF.