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Topic 4 Child Psychiatry
Published in Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri
Psychological treatment includes the following: Applied behavioural analysis: Operant conditioning helps to develop special social, communication and behavioural skills by reinforcing positive behaviour. The triggers for problematic behaviours are analysed.Intensive behavioural intervention: The design, implementation and evaluation of environmental modifications that aim to produce meaningful changes in behaviour.Sensory integration therapy: Techniques such as brushing of the skin or swinging to stimulate vestibular response will help to reduce the hypersensitivity to stimuli.Facilitated communication: Training in reading and writing.
Found Voices: Women, Disability and Cultural Transformation
Published in Mary E. Willmuth, Lillian Holcomb, Women with Disabilities: Found Voices, 2014
These are new voices calling, cajoling, and singing to be heard. I am not at all sure that it is a different story, but perhaps it needs to be brought home differently as new cultures and technologies evolve, bringing forth new conflicts and new opportunities. People who were considered unreachable now speak with the aid of interpreters, facilitated communication, and technological aids. Teens dance and do ropes courses in wheelchairs, instead of buying into a label of dysfunctional. Men and women I know speak of their experiences with psychiatric disabilities as a journey to connectedness, a healing process mislabeled as illness.
Offenders with intellectual disabilities
Published in John C. Gunn, Pamela J. Taylor, Forensic Psychiatry, 2014
Pamela J Taylor, William R Lindsay, Gregory O’Brien, John L Taylor
Unproven treatments or interventions have the potential to do harm even when the intention is benign. Facilitated communication is an example of one such that was not just unhelpful and ineffective (Mostert, 2001), but resulted in the wrongful conviction of parents of sexual abuse of their children and separated their children from their families. It is important, therefore, that treatment and research with this vulnerable group are not simply well intended, but are supported by evidence of their effectiveness and offered to offenders with intellectual disability within a robust and transparent ethical consent framework.
Why we should not presume competence and reframe facilitated communication: a critique of Heyworth, Chan & Lawson
Published in Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2022
In their recent article in Frontiers in Psychology, “Presuming autistic communication competence and reframing facilitated communication,” Heyworth et al. (2022) argue for a positive reappraisal of facilitated communication (FC). The crux of their argument is that FC and the Rapid Prompting Method (RPM), a variant of FC, are legitimate varieties of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); that, as such, FC and RPM are appropriate for autistic individuals with CCN (complex communication needs); and that the quantitative studies that have invalidated FC ignore the complexities of interpersonal communication and the hypersensitivities and anxieties in autism that are triggered by novel tasks in unfamiliar environments. The quantitative studies, Heyworth et al. add, are also lacking in what they call “explanatory power;” susceptible to “myside bias;” and, mostly dating back to the 1990s, significantly out of date. In contrast, they claim, newer studies that are more qualitative and naturalistic or that use high-tech equipment show that FC is valid. These newer studies, together with evolving understandings of autism, of the nature of communication, and of experimental design and participatory research, Heyworth et al. assert, call for a reevaluation of the evidence against FC.
Meaning and experiences of participation: a phenomenological study with persons with deafblindness in India
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Atul Jaiswal, Heather M. Aldersey, Walter Wittich, Mansha Mirza, Marcia Finlayson
The study findings suggest that the awareness of deafblind specific communication modes by non-disabled people was an important element that influenced the extent of participation of our participants. These findings are congruent with other studies that suggest that the lack of knowledge among non-disabled people about how to communicate with persons with deafblindness is a main barrier to communication and social participation for people with deafblindness [35,62,63]. Our findings also support the previous work that suggests the knowledge of alternative modes of communication such as braille, signing, and assistive technology (computer/interpreter-facilitated communication) and cochlear implants for individuals with deafblindness was helpful in improving access to information, communication and social interactions, and thus enhancing societal participation [27,32,35,62,64–68].
Horseback riding therapy for a deafblind individual enabled by a haptic interface
Published in Assistive Technology, 2018
Matjaž Ogrinc, Ildar Farkhatdinov, Rich Walker, Etienne Burdet
The tests were carried out in a riding arena, and the same horse was used by both subjects. The subject wore our tactile interface, which was remotely controlled via a smart phone by a professional riding coach. The participants received all required information on the tactile mapping commands and carried out familiarization trials. A deafblind tactile language interpreter facilitated communication with the disabled subject. In the riding tests, the subjects were asked to follow semi-random sets of commands given by the instructor. The sequence of the commands depended on the position of the horse. Though the riding arena measures 20×50 m, and is within range of the tactile interface, the range of motion capture equipment was smaller, and therefore, only half of the arena was used. This somewhat limits the maneuverability of the horse, and therefore, a truly random turn sequence was not always possible.