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Biofeedback, Relaxation Training, and Cognitive Behavior Modification
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Ann L. Davidoff, William E. Whitehead
Autogenic training, a relaxation strategy developed by Schultz (67), was derived from self-hypnosis. Patients assume a passive attitude and repeat phrases that direct their attention to bodily processes associated with relaxation, e.g., “My abdomen is warm.” Physiological measurements indicate that the routine repetition of such phrases enables patients to alter blood flow and other functions (68). Several uncontrolled studies suggest that patients with ulcerative colitis can benefit from autogenic training. For example, in one study of 32 patients treated for 1 to 12 years with autogenic training, 29 patients reported either significant improvement or cure (70).
The Relaxation SystemTherapeutic Modalities
Published in Len Wisneski, The Scientific Basis of Integrative Health, 2017
Autogenic training is most efficacious when the patient is in the theta state (Spinhoven and ter Kuile, 2000). It has been shown to be a more effective treatment for motion sickness than intramuscular injections of promethazine. Testing at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) showed that motion sickness tolerance was significantly increased with autogenic training. Subjects reported fewer or no symptoms at higher rotational velocities, and there was significantly less heart rate and skin-conductance variability during motion sickness tests in the group receiving autogenic training (Cowings and Toscano, 2000). While there are plausible claims that autogenic training is effective for reducing anxiety and stress, studies to date generally are methodologically flawed and do not always use the classical autogenic training formulas (Ernst and Kanji, 2000).
Mind–Body Therapies
Published in Hilary McClafferty, Integrative Pediatrics, 2017
German psychiatrist and neurologist Dr. Johannes Heinrich Schultz is credited with the development of autogenic training, which uses the premise of relaxing the mind in order to relax the body. Autogenic training involves an average of three short daily sessions of 10–15 minutes, during which the individual repeats a set of statements and visualizations designed to induce a state of relaxation. One of the most significant features of autogenics is its simplicity, as it requires no equipment or extensive training. Autogenic training has significant overlap with biofeedback and can be used in combination with it and other mind–body approaches such as breath work and imagery.
Feasibility of Hypnosis on Performance in Air Rifle Shooting Competition
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020
Sabrina Mattle, Daniel Birrer, Achim Elfering
The 8 subjects ranged in age between 18 and 33 (M = 24.4, SD = 5.55). They trained between 10 and 42 hours per week (M = 21.0, SD = 10.74) and had different main disciplines. For 1 subject, the main discipline was the 10 m air rifle, for 5 subjects the main discipline was the 50 m rifle three positions. Both the 10 m air rifle and the 50 m rifle three positions were the main disciplines for 1 subject, and 1 subject did not have a specific main discipline. The subjects had different experiences with mental interventions. All of them had done muscle relaxation and visualization at least once; 7 of the 8 subjects had experience with autogenic training, 3 had experience with mindfulness training, and 2 had experience with meditation. However, none of the 8 subjects had indicated previous experience with hypnosis.
Psychotherapy of adjustment disorders: Current state and future directions
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2018
Matthias Domhardt, Harald Baumeister
As a generic approach, relaxation techniques combined with psychoeducation offer the advantage to be implemented in various subtypes of AD, although they might be especially helpful in depressive and stress symptoms, as indicated by a recent review (Shah et al. 2014). In a mixed-sample study (Bos et al. 2014), mindfulness training was associated with an improvement in psychological symptoms, quality of life and mindfulness skills in patients with AD. In an RCT (Sundquist et al. 2015), mindfulness-based group therapy was similarly effective as individual-based CBT for primary care patients with depressive, anxiety or stress and ADs. Srivastava et al. (2011) found that yoga meditation techniques were effective in reducing symptoms of AD with anxiety and depression. Most recently, there is a web-based intervention specifically designed for AD that incorporates a module of mindfulness (Skruibis et al. 2016). Jojic and Leposavic (2005a, 2005b) evaluated the effectiveness of autogenic training in adolescents and adults with AD. In two studies, they found that autogenic training significantly decreased the values of physiological indicators (blood pressure, pulse rate, concentration of cholesterol and cortisol) of AD after the intervention and at a 6-month follow-up in adolescents (Jojic and Leposavic 2005a) and adults with AD (Jojic and Leposavic 2005b).
Integrating Clinical Hypnosis and Neurofeedback
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2019
Autogenic training (a structured German form of self-hypnosis training) has likewise demonstrated anxiety reduction effects (DeBenedittis, Cigada, & Bianchi, 1994; Hippel, Hole, & Kaschka, 2001; Houghton, 1996; Kanji, White, & Ernest, 2004). There are also sophisticated research studies demonstrating positive effects of hypnosis on immune function, and these studies have also included measures documenting significant decreases in anxiety (Gruzelier et al., 2002; Gruzelier, Smith, Nagy, & Henderson, 2001; Kiecolt-Glaser, Marucha, Atkinson, & Glaser, 2001; Whitehouse et al., 1996). The results provide encouraging evidence that hypnotic interventions may reduce the immunological dysregulation associated with acute stressors.