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THE PROGRESS OF CHINESE MEDICINE IN MAINLAND CHINA
Published in Kevin Chan, Henry Lee, The Way Forward for Chinese Medicine, 2001
Kelvin Chan, Xin-Min Liu, Yong Peng, Pei-Gen Xiao, Wei-Yi Yang
Acacia catechu (st), Achyranthes bidentata (rt), Act^nitum carmtchaelt (rhz), Alpinia oxyphylla (fr), Alisma orientale (rhz), Allium tuberosum (sd), Amomum villosum (fr), Angelica dahurica (rt), A. sinensis (rt). Andrographis paniculata (pl), Areca catechu (sd), Artabotrys hexapelatus (fl), Artemisia argyi (l), Asparagus cochinchinensis (rt), Aster tataricus (rt), Astragalus mongholicus (rt). Atractylodes macrocephala (rhz), Atropa belladonna (l), Aucklandia lappa (rt), Biota orientale (sd), Brassica juncea (sd), Carthamus tinctorius (fl), Cassia acutifolia (l), C. obtusifolia (sd), Celosia cristat (fl), Chaenomeles speciosa (fr). Cinchona ledgeriana (l), C. grandis (exocarp), Citrus aurantium (fr), C. Medica var. sarcodactylis (fr), C. reticulata (exocarp), Codonopsis pilosula (rt), Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuan (sd), Coptis chinensis (rhz), Cornus officinalis (fr), Corydalis yanhuosu (rhz), Crataegus pinnatifida (fr), Crocus sativus (stigma), Curcuma aromatica (rhz). C. domestica (rhz), C. zedoaria (rhz), Cymbopogon citratus (l), Datura metel (fl), D. innoxia (fl), Dendranthema morifolium (fl), Dendrobium morifolium (fl), Dendrobium nobile (pl), Digitalis lanata (l), Dioscorea opposita (rhz), Dolichos lablab (sd), Eriobotrya japonica (l), Eucalyptus globulus (l), Eucommia ulmoides (bk), Euphorbia longan (aril), Eupatorium fortunei (l), Eurya leferox (sd), Evodia rutaecarpa (fr), Foeniculum vulgare (fr).
Anti-Cancer Agents from Natural Sources
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Felipe Gonzalez
Prostate cancers mostly affect older men. Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, that develop from the gland cells (American Cancer Society, 2018). Although most prostate cancers are treatable, new research is being conducted on scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin). Scopoletin, a natural coumarinoid, originated in several plantspecies, especially the Aster tataricus family. It helps to arrest G2/M and adopts apoptosis in prostate malignant (LNCaP) cells by inhibiting the expression of cycline D1. Another coumarinoid, psoralidin enhances the potential of TRAIL in LNCaP cells. An uracil derivative, 5- fluorouracil (5-FU), is used for first line treatment of colon cancer but resistance is developed in many caes because of a high level of TS expression (Van et al., 1999) and possibly the over expression of Bcl-Xl and Bcl-2 proteins (Violette et al., 2002; Liu et al., 1999). Because of this resistance, research on developing new drugs to treat cancer is in great need. Two newly synthesized anticancer compounds derived from natural coumarins are DMAC (5,7-dihydroxy-4-methyl-6-(3-methylbutanoyl)-coumarin) and di-coumarin polysulfide SV25. In recent studies, DMAC promoted apoptosis in HCT-116 and LoVo colon cancer cell lines. DMAC can be used with 5-FU to increase the potency of 5-FU (synergistic effect) toward various types of colon cancers (Klenkar et al., 2015). Dicoumarin polysulfide SV25 has can primarily arrest the G2/M phase in HCT 116 cell line (Saidu et al., 2012) and eventually stops propagation. Figure 5.12 presents the structures of various anticancer coumarins and their derivatives.
Fengbaisan suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress by up-regulating SIRT1 expression to protect rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Yu Wang, Nan-xiang Su, San-gai Pan, Xiao-ping Ge, Xing-ping Dai
Chinese medicine may play a greater role in the treatment of COPD. In the past two decades, our team has sought to determine the effect of Fengbaisan on the treatment of COPD. Fengbaisan is a Chinese medicine, mainly composed of Astragalus membranaceus Schischkin (Fabaceae), Panax ginseng C.A. Mey (Araliaceae), Lilium brownii F.E.Br. ex Miellez (Liliaceae), Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté (Asparagaceae), Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (Dioscoreaceae), Ophiopogon japonicus (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. (Asparagaceae), Aster tataricus L. f. (Asteraceae) and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Lamiaceae). Fengbaisan alleviates lung lesions in COPD rats, improves inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar wall rupture, and reduces the enlargement of the alveolar space (Su et al. 2005). Fengbaisan represses the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the bronchial and lung tissues of COPD rats and regulates the imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1 (Wang and Su 2011; Wang et al. 2014). Fengbaisan increases γ-GCS expression and SOD activity in the lung tissue of COPD rats, and it plays a vital role in anti-airway remodelling, antioxidative stress and delays the progression of COPD (Pan et al. 2009). Although the efficacy of Fengbaisan has been partially confirmed and affirmed, Chinese medicine has complex ingredients and exerts effects on the body through multiple components, targets and links. Thus, it is difficult to explore its mechanism, which is also one of the important reasons hindering the development of Chinese medicine.