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Inhibiting Insulin Resistance and Accumulation of Triglycerides and Cholesterol in the Liver
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Ethanol extract of roots of Angelica acutiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Kitag. given to Wistar rats on high-fat diet at a daily dose of 300 mg/kg lowered body weight gain from 48.6 to 22.6 g/rats (normal: 16.9 g/rat) and lowered epididymal white adipose from 411.8 mg/100 g bw to 345.4 mg/100 g (normal 337.3 mg/100 g).358 This extract lowered serum cholesterol by 28.3%, low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol by 51.4% and triglycerides by 25.3%, lowered free fatty acids and lowered atherogenic index from 2.9 to 1 (normal: 0.6).358 This extract lowered hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides by 33% and 59%, respectively.358 At the hepatic level, this extract increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, as well as acyl-CoA oxidase and microsomal ω-oxidation (CYP4A) whereby the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and protein-2 were downregulated358 implying peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation. Histological observation of liver tissues of treated rodent evidenced a decrease in average size of epididymal adipocytes and reduction of hepatic steatosis.358 The roots of this plant contain the polyacetylenes falcarinol, falcarindiol, falcarinolone, choline, scopoletin, umbelliferone, and vanillic acid359 as well as series of alkyl phthalide derivatives of which ligustilide.360 Ligustilide at a concentration of 250 µM inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin E2, and nitric oxide as well as expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase by Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB.361 Ligustilide has a low oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.362 Is metabolized in butylidenephthalide, senkyunolide I, and senkyunolide H.362 Butylidenephthalide given orally at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 30 days to rats intoxicated with thioacetamide decrease the development of hepatic fibrosis.363
LC-MS/MS detection of citrus unshiu peel-derived flavonoids in the plasma and brain after oral administration of yokukansankachimpihange in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Mikina Takiyama, Takashi Matsumoto, Junko Watanabe
The dry powdered extracts of YKSCH (Lot No. 331005900) and YKS (Lot No. 321017700) used in the present study were supplied by Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan). As shown in Supplementary Table 1, YKSCH is composed of nine crude drugs, including CUP (3 g, peel of Citrus unshiu Markovich) and PT (5 g, tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach), as well as YKS, which contains the following seven crude agents: Atractylodes lancea rhizome (4 g, rhizome of Atractylodes lancea De Candolle), Poria sclerotium (4 g, sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos Ryvarden et Gilbertson), Cnidium rhizome (3 g, rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino), Uncaria hook (3 g, hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla Miquel), Japanese Angelica root (3 g, root of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa), Bupleurum root (2 g, root of Bupleurum falcatum Linné), and Glycyrrhiza (1.5 g, root and stolon of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisher).
Anti-angiogenic activity of ShengMaBieJia decoction in vitro and in acute myeloid leukaemia tumour-bearing mouse models
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Mengya Wang, Bangyun Ma, Xingbin Dai, Hong Zhang, Huibo Dai, Jingyu Wang, Li Liu, Xuemei Sun
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the treatment of several diseases and has resulted in considerable benefit for these patients. The status of TCM in the context of cancer has been currently verified (Hsiao and Liu 2010; Su et al. 2014). AML is associated with a multitude of symptoms that include anaemia, bleeding, susceptibility to infection, and fatigue. These symptoms are treated with various corresponding medical treatments. One of the pathogenic conditions of AML is treated with heat that is directed to the blood circulation. ShengMaBieJia decoction (SMBJD) is described in the Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber (also called JinGuiYaoLue). The indicated use for this decoction displays similarities for AML and consumptive disease. SMBJD is composed of Cimicifuga acerina (Prantl) Tanaka. (Ranunculaceae), turtle shell (Carapax trionycis) (Xiao et al. 2015), Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon. (Apocynaceae), Indigofera acanthinocarpa Blatt. (Fabaceae), Angelica acutiloba var. iwatensis (Kitag.) Hikino. (Apiaceae), and Liquiritia officinalis Moench. (Leguminosae). Recent pharmacological studies demonstrated the effects of single herb treatment in regard to cancer and inflammatory diseases, and these effects included cancer cytotoxicity, anti-angiogenesis, and the regulation of immunity (Einbond et al. 2004; Hostanska et al. 2005; Cao et al. 2010; Chen et al. 2016; Han et al. 2017). Previous experiments have revealed the effects of this herbal extract in regard to its lethal effect on leukemic cells and its inhibition of tumour growth both in vitro and in vivo. It has been demonstrated that SMBJD combined with CAG (Aclacinomycin, Ara-c, G-CSF) chemotherapy can lower the ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status, extend the interval of blood transfusion, and optimize the Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score Scale (Dai et al. 2016). In addition to its pro-apoptotic effects, we hypothesized that SMBJD exerted anti-angiogenic effects via the PI3K/Akt pathway.