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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
There are two main varieties of kiwifruit or kiwi fruit: Actinidia deliciosa or green kiwifruit and Actinidia chinensis or gold kiwifruit, both belonging to the Actinidiacea family. Kiwifruit is native to northern China, India, and Siberia. The green cultivar is an oval-shaped berry with a dull brown hairy skin and a bright translucent green flesh interspersed with several rows of small black seeds; while the gold variety has a bright yellow flesh surrounded by a smooth, hairless, bronze-colored skin. The flesh of the green kiwi is described as a tangy, sweet, and sour combination providing a unique flavor combination, whereas the gold cultivar is described as having a sweet and tropical taste (111).
Emerging Medicinal Values of Kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.)
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Mira Dhakal, Shandesh Bhattarai
It was investigated that the ACE inhibitory activity of flavonoid-rich extracts acquired from different kiwifruit genotypes of Actinidia macrosperma, Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis (Hettihewa et al. 2018) were prepared by steeping the lyophilized fruit samples in 70% aqueous acetone, followed by partitioning the crude extracts with hexane. The composition of each extract was analysed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and finally, ACE inhibitory activity of the fruit extracts was performed using a fluorescence-based biochemical assay (Hettihewa et al. 2018).
Fluorescence in Phytopreparations
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
In leaves of Actinidia chinensis and Nerium oleander under a luminescence microscope (Table 5.1), secretory hairs fluoresce due to surface components. After extraction with water, the hair emission decreased visually, and the fluorescence maxima shifted to shorter wavelengths. If to see the maxima of the extracts a reader marks that the 1-hour extraction completely evolve components fluoresced at 460 nm. It may be supposed that these are phenolic compounds, because they emit more intensely then NADH/NADPH usually do. When ethanol is used as a solvent, this maximum is also present, but new maxima at 500 and 680 nm appear due to flavins and chlorophyll, respectively. In the case of leaf of Eucalyptus cinerea, water extracts showed a maximum at 440–460 nm, possibly due to flavonoids. Nevertheless, ethanol extracts showed new maxima at 500 and 680 nm, like the two other-mentioned species. In the extract with chloroform, hydrophobic components extracted by chloroform had maxima in blue, and the glandular fluorescence disappeared completely. Only weak emission was seen with maxima at 410 and 680 nm. Terpenes, predominant in the leaf of the species, fluoresced with maxima < 460 nm, were extracted, and one can see their emission only in the chloroform extract.
Kiwifruit and Cancer: An Overview of Biological Evidence
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Giuseppe Lippi, Camilla Mattiuzzi
Kiwifruit (conventionally abbreviated as “kiwi”), is the edible berry of a plant belonging to the family Actinidiaceae. Among these species, Actinidia deliciosa (fuzzy kiwifruit), and Actinidia chinensis (golden kiwifruit) are those mostly used for commercial production. Although the kiwifruit is typically native of China, in the early 1940s the vineyard was exported to New Zealand and soon afterwards also to the United States. It was only in the early 1980s that kiwifruit vineyards were then exported to Europe and to the rest of the world, thus leading the way to developing a worldwide economy for this fruit (1). The current worldwide production appears limited to ten main countries, which sustain over 95% of total production. Although China remains the largest producer (2.4 million metric ton in 2016), New Zealand is the largest exporter (0.58 million metric ton in 2016), followed by Italy, Belgium, and Chile (2).
PCSK9 Suppresses M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization by Regulating the Secretion of OX40L from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Jing Hu, Meixia Zhang, Ling Gui, Qinsi Wan, Jiawei Zhong, Liangliang Bai, Mingyan He
PCSK9 is a key enzyme that participates in the process of lipid transport, and is implicated in hypercholesterolemia (Dettlaff-Pokora et al. 2019; Pasta et al. 2020). High glucose induces HCC-associated hypercholesterolemia in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice by enhancing the expression of PCSK9 (Athavale et al. 2018). He et al. found that Actinidia chinensis Planch root extract has antitumor efficacy in HCC by inhibiting PCSK9-mediated cholesterol metabolism (Doll et al. 2017). Zhang et al. confirmed that PCSK9 inhibits apoptosis of HCC cells by promoting FASN expression, and high expression of PCSK9 is closely associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients (Zhang et al. 2021). Nevertheless, studies have also shown that PCSK9 plays an anticancer role in HCC. For instance, PCSK9 levels are negatively correlated with liver impairment and HCC (Fasolato et al. 2020). Bhat et al. constructed a tissue microarray to analyze the expression of PCSK9 in the tumor tissues of HCC patients, showing that PCSK9 is downregulated in HCC patients (Bhat et al. 2015). PCSK9 represses the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells by regulating GSTP1/JNK signaling(He et al. 2021). Therefore, the functional role of PCSK9 in HCC is more complicated, and further research is needed. In the present work, we found that PCSK9 expression was severely decreased in the tumor tissues of HCC patients compared with adjacent normal tissues, which is consistent with the study of Bhat et al. Moreover, HCC patients displayed obvious M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor tissues. Downregulation of PCSK9 may be associated with M2 macrophage infiltration in HCC tumor tissues.