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Looking beyond the impairment
Published in Margaret Walshe, Nick Miller, Clinical Cases in Dysarthria, 2021
An assessment of intelligibility of TS’s dysarthria on the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (AIDS) (Yorkston & Beukelman, 1981) indicated a score of 95% at sentence level and 98% at word level. The severity of dysarthria using an adaptation Yorkston et al.’s Dysarthria Rating of Severity Scale (Donovan et al., 2008) was rated at Stage 2: Obvious speech disorder with intelligible speech. He had changes in voice, reduced loudness, reduced pitch variability and had difficulty making himself understood in noisy environments. During the assessment, it was clear that TS was aware of the strategies to help improve intelligibility such as decreasing speech rate, alternating stress on words but he was not always comfortable using these strategies as he believed that they were unhelpful particularly with strangers.
Hereditary and Metabolic Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Adults
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
It is important to recognize findings that may be signs of a brain disorder: Catatonia.Speech disorders including dysarthria, changes in quality of speech, and new-onset stuttering.Ocular changes including progressive loss of vision or disorders of eye movements. Consultation with a neuro-ophthalmologist may be helpful to detect early findings.Exaggerated or absent deep tendon reflexes.Progressive spasticity or Babinski's signs.New-onset extrapyramidal symptoms or tremor (Table 10.4).Seizures or abnormal slowing on electroencephalogram (EEG).Abnormal MRI findings.
The fundamentals of psychiatry
Published in Ben Green, Problem-based Psychiatry, 2018
Speech may be slowed down (as in psychomotor retardation). Speech disorders also include the results of brain damage (e.g. due to cerebrovascular ischaemia), which may produce dysarthrias, expressive and receptive dysphasias and word-finding difficulties.
Effects of utterance rate and length on the spatiotemporal index in Parkinson’s disease
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2020
Shin Ying Chu, Steven M. Barlow, Jaehoon Lee, Jingyan Wang
All participants repeated the syllable “pa” and the first sentence from the Rainbow Passage “When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act like a prism and form a rainbow” at three different speech rates. These two tasks were chosen because it is commonly practiced by speech-language pathologists when assessing patients with motor speech disorders. To reduce fatigue among elderly with PD, only the first sentence of the Rainbow Passage was repeated. Movements of the upper lip (UL), lower lip and jaw ([LL + J]) were captured using a three-dimensional optical motion capture system (Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA). The computerised tracking system consists of five infra-red cameras that are strategically placed in an arc within the recording suite to capture facial movements. Sixteen infra-red reflective sphere markers (6 mm diameter) were placed on the participants’ lower face with double-sided adhesive tape. Movements were sampled at 119.88 Hz. A miniature microphone (SONY electret condenser microphone, model ECM-DS30P) was attached to the participants’ shirt collar to record the audio signal. The audio signal was sampled at 4195.8 Hz (NI-USB 6218) and synchronised with the Motion Analysis system.
Delivering group speech maintenance therapy via telerehabilitation to people with Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2019
Rachel Quinn, Stacie Park, Deborah Theodoros, Anne J Hill
Studies investigating both group and online individual treatment of the speech disorder in PD have demonstrated the potential to effectively deliver speech maintenance therapy and reduce various access barriers faced by people with PD. Therefore, combining these two approaches may further close the gap to accessing ongoing speech maintenance treatment for people with PD. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the feasibility and impact of delivering a group speech maintenance programme into the home via telerehabilitation to people with PD who had previously completed LSVT LOUD®. Specifically, the study aimed to determine: 1) if a group speech maintenance programme delivered via telerehabilitation would result in improvements in vocal loudness post-treatment and at follow-up; 2) if participants would demonstrate reduced impact of dysarthria on quality of life following the intervention; and if, 3) participants would be satisfied with the delivery of the group speech maintenance programme via telerehabilitation.
Bringing advanced speech processing technology to the clinical management of speech disorders
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2018
Tara McAllister, Kirrie J. Ballard
Research to date has made it clear that many speech disorders will not be fully remediated without intensive and long-term intervention. At the same time, practitioners of speech-language pathology grapple with large caseloads and heavy documentation requirements that may leave them unable to provide an adequate duration of treatment for each client. Advanced speech processing technologies have the potential to act as an extender of a clinician’s services by facilitating practice in between treatment sessions, or to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of their evaluations. While there has been a proliferation of apps and software to support speech intervention, few have the capacity for automated or semi-automated assessment of the quality or accuracy of the user’s speech outputs. This special issue highlights current work that applies automatic speech recognition (ASR) or other speech processing technologies to the clinical assessment and/or treatment of disorders affecting speech production. It also discusses current limitations and barriers and identifies potential future directions for technological enhancement of the clinical management of speech disorders.