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Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
Zinc deficiency may lead to anorexia, weight loss, taste and smell alterations, diarrhea, and alopecia. Skin manifestations include impaired epithelialization and wound healing, acrodermatitis enteropathica, and mouth lesions. The dermatitis appears as a vesicular or pustular rash on the perioral, perineal and peripheral body parts like fingers and toes. Zinc deficiency causes growth retardation in children.2,19,47
Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Zinc is an important trace element that has a vital role in the development, growth, and differentiation of various tissues. Zinc deficiency can occur due to inadequate intake, malabsorption, or a combination of these factors caused by genetic or acquired conditions. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by defects in SLC39A4 located on chromosome 8q24.3, which codes for the zinc transporter protein, ZIP4. Patients have reduced zinc absorption in the small intestine. Acquired zinc deficiency is usually caused by low birth weight, prematurity, maternal zinc deficiency, malabsorption syndromes, poor feeding, and Kwashiorkor.
Trace Minerals
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
The list of zinc deficiency symptoms is exceptionally long, so attention will be paid to those that relate to musculoskeletal healing in humans. Primary signs of zinc deficiency include impaired wound healing, skin lesions (eczema, ulcers, acne, seborrhea, pustules, rashes), hypogeusia (decreased taste), anorexia, immune deficiencies (less resistance to infections), alopecia, and growth retardation.808,809,811 All of these clinical symptoms are reversed by zinc supplementation. A zinc deficiency may promote deficiencies of other nutrients by virtue of its effects on behavior, taste, and appetite, with possible adverse ramifications for healing.
Efficacy of Lentinula edodes Mycelia Extract on Chemotherapy-Related Tasted Disorders in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Hiroaki Yanagimoto, Satoshi Hirooka, Tomohisa Yamamoto, So Yamaki, Mitsugu Sekimoto
In the recent study by Bernhardson et al., subjective taste and smell changes were observed in 75% of patients with primarily breast, gynecologic, and gastrointestinal cancers who were receiving chemotherapy (1). Steinbach et al. reported in a non-randomized study that chemotherapy had significantly disturbed gustatory functions in patients with breast or gynecologic malignancies (13). Taste disorders are associated with stomatitis (14), zinc deficiency (15), and anti-neoplastic agents such as cisplatin and doxorubicin but not taxanes (16). They are also frequent (60%) in highly advanced cancer patients with anticancer treatment (17), which can impair their QOL (18) and decrease appetite and nutrient intakes (19), leading to involuntary weight loss and ultimately malnutrition (20). Currently, no standard treatment or preventative methods have been established for taste disorders caused by cytotoxic drugs (21). The beneficial effect of zinc supplementation might be limited to patients with zinc deficiency (22). In a pilot study, zinc supplementation during radiation therapy significantly improved taste functions compared to the placebo group (23), but these results were not confirmed in a larger phase III trial (24). In this study, there was no significant difference in serum zinc concentrations between the AHCC® and placebo groups (Table 1). Additionally, glutamine was shown to improve mucositis (25), but had no effect on taste disorders in taxane-based chemotherapy (26).
The relationship between serum zinc levels and myopia
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Niamh Burke, John S Butler, Ian Flitcroft, James Loughman
A potential dietary factor promoting marginal zinc deficiency in Koreans is high phytate and calcium intake, which decreases zinc absorption. In an analysis of Korean dietary patterns, cereals and grains were found to contribute most dietary zinc to the diet (48.9 per cent). Animal products, which contain the best sources of zinc, supplied 30 per cent of total zinc. The majority of phytate was supplied by cereals such as rice, barley and legumes such as soy products. Rice alone contributed 54.1 per cent of total dietary phytate, making rice the major source of both zinc and phytate in the Korean diet.20 Phytate can bind zinc in the intestinal lumen and form an insoluble complex that cannot be digested or absorbed because humans lack the intestinal phytase enzyme. The negative effect of phytate on zinc absorption is dose‐dependent.39 For this reason, plant‐based diets are sometimes low in micronutrients, especially zinc. A systematic review of 34 studies compared males and females consuming vegetarian diets versus non‐vegetarian diets; 26 studies were included in a meta‐analysis, and dietary intake and serum zinc concentration were found to be significantly lower in populations that consistently followed vegetarian compared to a non‐vegetarian diets.40 Interestingly, a study carried out on young adults in India, found a higher prevalence of myopia among vegetarians than non‐vegetarians;41 a separate UK study showed myopic children, treated with a high animal protein diet displayed slower progression of myopia, when compared to controls.11
Spatial distribution of total and bioavailable heavy metal contents in soil from agricultural, residential, and industrial areas in Sudan
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Mohammed A. Ashaiekh, Mohamed A. H. Eltayeb, Ali H. Ali, Ammar M. Ebrahim, Isam Salih, Abubakr M. Idris
The highest Zn contents in soils from Alhasahisa, Maringan, and Marawi were 127.6, 164.8, and 104.0 mg/kg, which were much lower than the permissible limit, i.e. 300 mg/kg, as prescribed in the European Council Directive (1986). On the other hand, the minimum Zn contents in the examined areas were 44.6, 7.0 and 63.6 mg/kg. The WHO reported that human in developing countries suffer from Zn deficiency and referred this to the high phytate content in the food consumed in those countries. This result was further verified in Sudan, in which lower serum zinc content was reported (Ebrahim et al.2011). According to the results of the current study, lower Zn content in soil collected from Sudan might serve as additional factor for zinc deficiency in Sudan since the registered values are significantly below the corresponding values elsewhere. This issue could stimulate researchers for further studies since zinc deficiency effects on aspects of health, growth, reproduction, and susceptibility to infections.