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Water-based disease and microbial growth *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
Charles P. Gerba, Gordon L. Nichols
Fasciolaand Fasciolopsisare liver flukes common in herbivores. F. hepatica occurs worldwide in sheep and cattle that graze in wet pastures. Fasciola gigantica is found in cattle in the Middle East, Africa and Asia, and Fasciolopsis buski is common in pigs in areas of Indonesia and Northern Thailand and the Far East. These parasites require a snail as an intermediate host, and humans are infected through the consumption of aquatic plants contaminated with the metacercaria. For F. hepatica this has commonly been watercress, whereas with F. buski the aquatic plants are water chestnuts or water caltrop.
Polyphenol-Enriched Extracts from Trapa acornis Husks Inhibit Her2-Positive SK-BR-3 Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and In Vivo Tumor Angiogenesis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Xuan Huang, Jun Li, Mingjuan Li, Jia Huang, Xiaohong Jiang, Hongfei Fu, Jiming Wu, Mingyang Bao, Shuzhen Wang, Muyuan Zhang, Guangchun Gao
Plant extracts or derivatives were regarded as a promising resource for prevention of cancer in humans (6, 7). In the past decades, many studies have been carried out on the anticancer effects of plant extract (8–10). Studies have proved that polyphenols can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality of various cancers, and have preventive and inhibitory effects on all stages of tumorigenesis (11). They were demonstrated to reduce the incidence of cancer, and directly reduce the size, quantity, invasion, and metastasis of tumors (12–14). Several studies have shown that these phenolic compounds found in plant extracts have potential in chemoprevention and chemotherapy of BC In Vivo or In Vitro (15, 16). Trapa, commonly known as water caltrop, is a kind of floating annual aquatic plant growing in slow-moving water. Trapa acornis Nakano is distinctive agricultural product that has been widely planted in Jiaxing, Zhejiang of China. The Trapa acornis husks (TAH) is hard and difficult to peel off to obtain the white edible pulp inside (17). The phenolic compounds are often accumulated in the shell of plants (18). Yasuda et al. have shown that polyphenols from Trapa japonica significantly could reduce the blood glucose and serum insulin levels (19). Besides, the anticancer effects of Trapa extracts have been reported in Chinese folk medicine. However, the anticancer effects of TAH on Her2-positive breast cancer and the underlying mechanism have seldom been investigated previously.