Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
GC-MS Analysis of Methanolic Extract of Rubus ellipticus
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
Elizabeth George, Blassan P. George, Sajeesh Thankarajan, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Kasipandi Muniyandi, Saikumar Sathyanarayanan
The powdered fruits were packed in a small thimble and extracted successively with different organic solvents—petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol in the increasing order of polarity using Soxhlet apparatus. Then the material was macerated using hot water with constant stirring for 48 hours, and the water extract was filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The extracts were concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator and then air dried.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Investigation on Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth.) Sant. & Wagh.
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Medicinal Plants, 2018
Saikumar Sathyanarayanan, Rahul Chandran, Murugan Rajan, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
The powdered leaves and stem materials were packed in small thimbles and separately extracted with organic solvents, such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol in the increasing order of their polarity using a Soxhlet apparatus. Before extraction with the next solvent, the thimbles were air-dried each time. Finally, the material was macerated using hot water with constant stirring for 24 h and the water extract was also filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The different solvent extracts were concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator and then air-dried.
Root extract of Imperata cylindrica L. improves serum nitric oxide levels in diabetic mice
Published in Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty, Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
A. Zada, J.B. Dewanto, A. Dahlan, D. Dhianawaty, M.R.A.A. Syamsunarno, G.R. Mukarromah, N. Anggraeni
Imperata cylindrica L. was collected from the local regions of Java. It was authenticated by the School of Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung. Its roots were separated and washed thoroughly with sufficient water, then dried under shade for 2 weeks, and ground into powder using an electric blender. Then, this powder was extracted with ethanol 96% (Merck, USA) by the maceration process for 72 hours. The macerated pulp was filtered through a coarse sieve, and the filtrate was concentrated in a rotary vacuum evaporator. Imperata cylindrica L. extract was diluted with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, 0.5%; Merck, USA) to obtain concentrations of 90 mg/kg and 115 mg/kg.
A transfersomes hydrogel patch for cutaneous delivery of propranolol hydrochloride: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Changzhao Jiang, Rui Ma, Xiumei Jiang, Renhua Fang, Jincui Ye
The orthogonal test results are shown in Table 1. The ratio of drug to lipid results showed that, at specific concentration ranges, as the phospholipid amounts increased, drug encapsulation was enhanced while the levels of free drug decreased. At very high phospholipid concentrations, the increase in encapsulation efficiency was not significant which only increased the costs. Since cholesterol can regulate the fluidity of phospholipid bilayers, a specific amount of cholesterol can stabilise the transfersomes structure and prevent drug leakage (Teong et al.2017). A lower ratio of oil/water inhibits the formation of transfersomes in the vacuum evaporation stage and affects the particle size as well as encapsulation efficiency of transfersomes. As an edge activator, sodium cholate can enhance the deformability of transfersomes, however, large amounts of sodium cholate can destroy the structure of transfersomes and transform them into mixed micelles. The deformability of mixed micelles decreases, their cutaneous ability is weakened, and encapsulation efficiency for drugs is also decreased (Kalam et al.2020).
Development and evaluation of Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) extract containing phytosomes: a preclinical approach for treatment of neuropathic pain in rodent model
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Nitin Kumar, Radha Goel, Monika Singh, Neeraj Kant Sharma, Praveen Kumar Gaur, Pradeep Kumar Sharma
On the basis of % content of bioactive compound HCA (Molecular weight 1221.38 g/mol) in HCE, phospholipids and HCE were combined in varying molar ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 to create three formulations of phytosomes known as F1, F2, and F3 respectively. In a beaker, 400 mg of lipoid P 30 was combined with 60 ml of dichloromethane, while in another, 200 mg of HCE was combined with 60 ml of 90% ethanol. In a flask with a flat bottom, the contents (solutions) of the two beakers were combined according to the molar ratio as discussed above for F1, F2, and F3. By using a buchi type rotary vacuum evaporator at 25 rpm and on 37 °C, the solvents were eliminated until a thin film layer formed. Then, distilled water is added and used to hydrate the mixture as well as create a suspension of the phytosomes. In order to carefully optimise the size and shape of the phytosomes, ultrasonication (R230 Focused-ultrasonicator) was carried out for two minutes in the suspension of the phytosomes (Fatima et al. 2014, Khan et al.2013). Before the characterisation, phytosomes were dried by freeze drying (Lyophilizer - Labconco, Model 7934000) at a pressure 40 mbar and temperature −40 °C for one day followed by a secondary drying at 25 °C for another day. After removing the samples from the freeze drier, the resultant was placed in a desiccator over phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) at 4 °C until it is used for characterisation study.
New insights on the phytochemical intervention for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders using the leaves of Michelia champaca: an in vivo and in silico approach
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Pushpa V. H., Jayanthi M. K., Rashmi H. R., Veeresh Kumar N. Shivamurthy, Shashank M. Patil, Prithvi S. Shirahatti, Ramith Ramu
Fresh leaves of M. champaca were collected in the month of October 2018 from Honnuru village, Mysore, Karnataka, India. The leaves were authenticated by the taxonomist (Prof. Siddaramaiah) working at the Department of Horticulture, Government of Karnataka, Mysore, India and a voucher specimen was submitted in the herbarium at the same department with a specimen number 66786 MYS. The leaves that were initially washed with 70% alcohol were then shade-dried and powdered coarsely. Further, about 500 g of this powder was mixed with ethanol and subjected to Soxhlet extraction under room temperature for a period of 24 h. This was further subjected to vacuum evaporation for the removal of the solvent. The concentrated ethanol extract of the leaves of Michelia champaca (EEMC) was used for further experiments to evaluate the antidepressant activity. For the study, a stock solution was prepared by dissolving EEMC in saline, which was then adjusted to various concentrations using saline. The experimental procedure was carried out with two dosing schedules.