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Metabolomics and perinatal complications
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Flaminia Bardanzellu, Moshe Hod, Vassilios Fanos
The first metabolomic approach to detect maternal HCMV pathways of transmission and to precociously identify symptomatic infections was performed by Fattuoni and colleagues (33), using hyphenated GC-MS to compare samples from n = 63 pregnant women. Among them, n = 40 acquired primary HCMV during gestation and, a subgroup of n = 20 transmitted it to the fetus (HCMV-transmitters). On the contrary, a subgroup of n = 20 were HCMV nontransmitters. The control group was constituted by n = 23 healthy pregnancies. Significant results were obtained, since different metabolic pathways characterized healthy controls and transmitters. In fact, in the transmitters group, metabolites such as glutamine, glycine, serine, pyruvic acid, threonine, threonic acid, and cystine increased, while unknown U1715 and U1804, glutamic acid, U1437, fructose, sugar-like A203003 and A203005, and tyrosine levels reduced.
Reviewing the role of emerging therapies in the ADHD armamentarium
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2021
Ann C. Childress, Nathalie Beltran, Carl Supnet, Margaret D. Weiss
Several nonstimulant drugs are in the pipeline, with viloxazine closest to receiving marketing approval in the U.S. Although it did not have the efficacy of stimulants in clinical trials, viloxazine’s long safety record in Europe as an antidepressant will make it a welcome addition to the ADHD armamentarium for patients with complex ADHD. Other nonstimulants, including L-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt (L-TAMS) and tipepidine hibenzate, have not had new data published in the last 5 years [58,110]. The website for L-TAMS reports that further trials are planned. It is unclear whether tipeptidine hibenzate is continuing in development. Other ADHD drugs in various stages of development, from preclinical to phase II, were researched, but peer reviewed trials were not available for most of them. It is unclear how many of these will proceed.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: the effects of mitochondrial ascorbic acid vs untargeted and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Mara Fiorani, Andrea Guidarelli, Orazio Cantoni
AA is a potent reducing agent and scavenger of various ROS, including O2–⋅ AA undergoes one or two electron oxidation, generating the relatively stable ascorbyl radical and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), respectively. The ascorbyl radical is reduced back to AA by NADH and NADPH-dependent mechanisms (Winkler et al. 1994; Wilson 2005; Linster and Van Schaftingen 2007; Lane and Lawen 2009; Corti et al. 2010). DHA is unstable at neutral pH and, unless promptly reduced back to AA by non-enzymatic or enzymatic mechanisms (Wilson 2005; Corti et al. 2010), decomposes to diketogulonic acid, oxalic and threonic acid, then readily eliminated by renal excretion (Wilson 2005).
L-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt Supplementation in ADHD: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Craig Surman, Carrie Vaudreuil, Heidi Boland, Lauren Rhodewalt, Maura DiSalvo, Joseph Biederman
Subjects received up to 12 weeks of open label LTAMS administered initially (Week 1) as 0.5 gram tablets of MMFS302 (12-hour release) in the morning and 0.5 gram tablets of MMFS202 (6-hour release) in the evening two hours before bedtime. LTAMS was provided by Neurocentria. It is a magnesium salt of L-Threonic acid with a molecular formula of Mg(C4H7O5)2. Inactive ingredients of the preparation were: polyvinyl pyrrolidine, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, talc, and magnesium stearate. Dosing was increased at weekly intervals as tolerated, to a maximum dose of 1 g MMFS302 in the morning and 1 g of MMFS202 in the evening.