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Health impacts of water carriage *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
To develop well-informed strategies for improving access to water from out of house sources, the relationships between water carriage and MSKs or physical injury and disability should be more clearly understood. However, little empirical research has been undertaken to date to investigate such relationships. A systematic search of peer reviewed literature (Evans et al., 2013) identified seven studies which focused on water carriage. Four studies reported descriptive statistics related to water carriage (Thompson et al., 2000; Hemson, 2007; Geere et al., 2010a; Sorenson et al., 2011), and two studies used qualitative research methods, one reporting children’s perceptions of health in relation to water carriage (Geere et al., 2010b) and the other exploring gender issues (Sultana, 2009). Finally, Lloyd et al. (2010) reported pain and rating of perceived exertion experienced by women during head loading in a laboratory setting. A common conclusion of the studies was that water carriage can impact on general health of the water carrier and that pain commonly experienced during water carriage is most likely due to disorders or strain of the musculoskeletal system. No large scale epidemiological studies were found which had used an appropriate study design to quantify the association between water carriage and physical health outcomes such as self-report of pain, physical functioning or disability.
The transplant imaginary and its postcolonial hauntings
Published in Erik Malmqvist, Kristin Zeiler, Bodily Exchanges, Bioethics and Border Crossing, 2015
Many scholars have argued against such structures of time in experiences of illness and postcoloniality. Rita Charon (2006, 44) insists that “disease forecloses narrative coherence over time”. Postcolonial time, according to Bhabha (2004, 220), “questions the teleological traditions of past and present”. There is a convergence of postcolonial time and the temporality of narratives of illness. National and individual ontologies are thus not simply or only progressive, but rather constituted through the very ruptures of a past that will not remain confined to a time that could be (and often is) considered over and finished (namely the past). Describing how she feels to be back in the house that belonged to the French doctor and then to her ex-lover Yacine, Sultana states, “This house … in its grip, my memory panics between past and present. Time undergoes a contraction, a condensing” (Mokeddem 1998, 32). Sultana is not of the time of the nation; she has been unable to keep up with its linear narrative and its conservative values. She feels an “upheaval of present time” as if she is “losing [her] way between the past and the present” (ibid., 68). Sultana is experiencing the traumatic effects of loss and mourning, where memories merge with the present as if that person were still alive: “Last night I made love to Yacine” (ibid., 44). The traumatic loss of the man she has always loved confuses time and the boundary between self and other. As Judith Butler (2004, 23) suggests: What grief displays … is the thrall in which our relations with others hold us, in ways that we cannot always recount or explain, in ways that often interrupt the self-conscious account of ourselves as autonomous and in control.Both Sultana’s loss of Yacine and her traumatic experience of exile (of needing refuge from those around her and thus of “choosing” to leave) convey a living that is out of normative time and that undoes the nationalist need for a bounded, individualistic self. Mokeddem portrays time as contracted, as the past interrupts the present, as the self feels the impact of losing an other who is integral to the self. The return, which is not a return, brought about because of the death of an intimate one, instantiates loss as the undoing of the self and thus as an unravelling of time. She claims to have made love with Yacine and sees his presence, despite his death. Haunting, here, is a manifestation of Sultana’s unwillingness and inability to let go of her dead friend. It is also a physical manifestation of her being out of time and place, and therefore her refusal to accept the current political climate of the post-independent nation.
Effectiveness of structured education and follow-up in the management of perceived breastmilk insufficiency: A randomized control trial
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to protect a child’s health and reduce infant mortality rates. WHO stresses that breastfeeding can save the lives of approximately 820,000 infants each year (WHO, 2018). Breastfeeding is also associated with increased protection against childhood infections, malocclusion, obesity, diabetes and other illnesses as well as with increased intelligence levels (Doğramacı et al., 2017; Sultana & Rahman, 2014; Victora et al., 2016). In many countries, however, feeding infants exclusively with breast milk is not at the desired levels and only 37% of babies less than 6 months old are exclusively breastfed (Victora et al., 2016). This rate in Turkey is 41% (Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, 2018). Our study treats the universal issue of ensuring a healthy starting point in life through exclusive breastfeeding. We offer a solution approach to the problems surrounding exclusive breastfeeding and believe the study may be of interest to interdisciplinary and international researchers as well as family physicians, obstetricians, midwives, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who provide follow-up and care services to newborns and their families.
Neuroprotective Effect of Ashwagandha Extract against the Neurochemical Changes Induced in Rat Model of Hypothyroidism
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Eman N. Hosny, Mayada M. El-Gizawy, Hussein G. Sawie, Khaled G. Abdel-Wahhab, Yasser A. Khadrawy
Animals (n = 35) were divided randomly into five groups (seven rats each). Control group received daily oral administration of saline. The second group was administered ashwagandha (AE) methanolic extract (500 mg/kg, by gavage) for 30 days (Sultana et al. 2012). The rest of the animals were used to induce hypothyroid rat model by giving the animal 0.05% (w/v) propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 6 weeks according to Tousson et al. (2011). Then, these animals were divided into: the third group that represents the rat model of hypothyroidism treated daily with saline solution for 30 days, the fourth group which is the hypothyroid rat model treated daily with L-thyroxine drug (20 µg/kg, by gavage) (Kuznetsova et al. 2015) for 30 days and the fifth representing the hypothyroid rat model treated daily with AE (500 mg/kg, by gavage) for 30 days.
Ursolic acid inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Chang-Geng Xu, Xia-Lian Zhu, Wei Wang, Xiang-Jun Zhou
Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, is widely distributed in food, medicinal herbs and other plants. It possesses many biological activities, including antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties (Sultana 2011). UA shows various beneficial effects under pathogenic conditions and exhibits low toxicity (Jin et al. 2012; Pai et al. 2012). UA ameliorated hepatic fibrosis either by induction of apoptosis or inhibition of activation of hepatic stellate cells (Shyu et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2011). UA also inhibited the development of glomerular hypertrophy and type collagen IV accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (Zhou et al. 2010). Importantly, UA is an antagonist for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signalling (Murakami et al. 2004). Given the important roles of TGF-β1 in fibrogenesis and EMT, we hypothesized that UA can slow down the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, mainly focusing on EMT.