China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Polymers as Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Early hair preparations contained shellac fixatives. The disadvantage, primarily sticky, hard-feeling hair, provoked formulation of shampoos with softer feels (conditioning) containing cationic surface-active agents. These surfactants are classified according to the charge on the hydrophobic (water-repei lant) portion. Anionic surfactants possess a negative charge; RCOO- (R is usually a fatty acid from carbons 12-18). Cationic surfactants bear a positive charge. They are principally quaternary ammonium compounds, R4N+X(monomeric) or (R4N+)„X- (polymeric). By virtue of their positive surface charge, they have a great affinity to negatively charged keratin in hair and skin, the basis of their conditioning and substantive properties. Most cationic polymers do not build up on the hair and are not as irritating. They do not interfere with foaming or cleaning as do fatty chain cationics (2). Cationic polymers are soluble in water with varying degrees of substantivity and are compatible with anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants and electrolytes (see Section III).
Natural Products and Stem Cells and Their Commercial Aspects in Cosmetics
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Sonia Trehan, Rose Soskind, Jemima Moraes, Vinam Puri, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
Shellac is one of the oldest styling aids and resin-like secretion produced by the Kerria lacca insect that lives in India. Shellac is a hydrophobic material that is used in hair sprays and some foundations (Corbeil et al., 2000).
Nail care and nail cosmetics
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Shellac is the brand name for a new, patent-pending nail product created by Creative Nail Design (CND). It is a hybrid, meaning half nail polish, half gel. It can be a transparent or pigmented polymer of any color desired.
Drug coated balloons and their role in bifurcation coronary angioplasty: appraisal of the current evidence and future directions
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Sudhir Rathore, Shana Tehrani, Deiti Prvulovic, Mario Araya, Thierry Lefèvre, Adrian P Banning, Francesco Burzotta, Gianluca Rigatelli, Juan Luis Gutierrez-Chico, Klaus Bonaventura, Bernard Chevalier, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Jozica Sikic, Fernando Alfonso, Yves Louvard, Goran Stankovic
The anti-proliferative drugs reduce the neo-intimal tissue growth. Prior to DCB use, an adequate preparation of the lesions, using a standard balloon angioplasty, must be performed to achieve an optimal angiographic result. Following the initial research undertaken by Scheller et al [31]. Several companies started commercializing and developing DCBs [34–35] . The current major providers of the DCBs in the global market are shown in Table 1. The Dior DCB made by Euro Cor was the first DCB to earn a CE mark clearance in 2007. The drug was embedded in its microporous balloon surface, which eluted during a 1-min balloon expansion. Newer generations of balloons use shellac as a carrier. SeQuent® Please (NEO) is a newer generation of Drug-Coated Balloons marketed by B. Braun which has polymer-free matrix coating with paclitaxel/iopromide drug and provides a targeted drug delivery. Its efficacy has been proven in BASKET-SMALL 2 which proved non-inferiority to DES in clinical endpoints [36].
Haematoxylin – the story of the blues
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2018
It is generally accepted that the hematein forms a complex or ‘lake’ with the metal iron molecules. The nature of these complexes is still not fully understood. The word ‘lake’ is in fact derived from the original word ‘Lacca’. Kerria Lacca is an insect found in India and Thailand, and from which shellac is obtained. The female Lacca insect secrete a deposit on the trees, which is sold as flakes and dissolved in ethanol to make Shellac, popularly used as a wood finish (French polish) and also in nail varnish (chip free). Over time the term lacca or ‘lac’ has changed to lake and now this is generic term for all dye–mordant complexes [12]. Put simply, a dye lake is a chelate formed from a mordant dye and a metal and is a complex formed between a polyvalent metal ion and dyes.
The ototoxic potential of cobalt from metal-on-metal hip implants: a pilot study on the patient-reported auditory, vestibular, and general neurological outcome
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Laura Leyssens, Bart Vinck, Catherine Van Der Straeten, Ingeborg Dhooge, Floris L. Wuyts, Leen K. Maes
To the authors’ knowledge, hyperacusis has not yet been cited in relation to systemic Co toxicity from MoM hip implants. However, it has been regularly mentioned in reports on chemicals-induced ototoxicity (Shellack and Naude 2013), but the authors are not aware of available prevalence data in the literature. Nevertheless, there is evidence for a strong overlap in presence between tinnitus and hyperacusis; approximately 10–80% of hyperacusis patients also suffer from tinnitus (Tyler et al. 2014). Moreover, the underlying pathological mechanisms of these disorders are believed to be highly similar (Pienkowski et al. 2014).