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Naturopathic Medicine and the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
The main source of salt in the standard American diet is processed food products such as canned goods, fast foods, pickles, chips, candies, and processed meats. If the above foods are consumed infrequently, it’s okay in moderation to add high-quality sea salt (a “pinch”) to meals as this can actually benefit digestion and provide essential trace minerals.
Functional Foods: Bioavailability, Structure, and Nutritional Properties
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Tawheed Amin, H. R. Naik, Syed Zameer Hussain, Bazila Naseer
Some formulators advise the use of specialty sea salts as these contain potassium (K) naturally. Other minerals present in sea salt include magnesium and sulfur, which may enhance the flavors of food products, the amount of which that may be used to replace the refined salt and is unique to each application. This concept of the replacement of sodium with sea salt is because the higher mineral content in sea salt adds to the flavor, as a result of which less salt is used. A 50% reduction in added salts could be achieved by carefully blending the sea or refined salt with KCl and various other flavors.
Clinical applications of magnesium in cutaneous medicine
Published in Kupetsky A. Erine, Magnesium, 2019
Laura Marie Jordan, Sunny K. Chun
The evidence supporting the magnesium treatment of atopic dermatitis is fluctuating. Proksch et al. reported the improvement of skin barrier function in atopic subjects after submerging their forearms for 15 minutes in Dead Sea salt solution compared with tap water as control.12 More recently, Heinlin et al. investigated the efficacy of synchronous balneophototherapy (narrow-band UVB treatment with synchronous bathing in Dead Sea salt solution) compared with that of narrow-band UVB therapy alone and found a statistically significant advantage in synchronous balneophototherapy after 6 months of treatment.43 However, Togawa et al. performed a randomized, double-blind pilot study that investigated the direct effects of ultra-pure soft water, in which Ca2+ and Mg2+ have been mostly removed, on skin barrier function in child AD patients. They found that mild AD patients experienced improvement in their eczema area and severity index.44 In a comparison study of 58 participants with hand eczema, it was found that 5% topical fumaric acid was less effective than 0.1% triamcinolone, reducing the erythema but not other eczema manifestations (excoriation, population, and lichenification).45
Heavy metals in edible salt from Ghana with special reference to potential human health risk
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Ghana is one of the two countries in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) with natural coastline for producing salt on a commercial basis (Affam and Asamoah 2011). Salt production in Ghana is mainly by evaporation of seawater. Since seawater through industrialization and human activities are often contaminated with harmful elements, unrefined sea salt may contain some of these toxic elements which may create health risks to consumers even at low levels due to the daily consumption of salt. Although direct human use of unrefined salt has been discouraged by the health authorities, the presence of these salts in the market indicates their usage by the consumers. In addition, several studies have shown the presence of heavy metals in both refined and unrefined salts (Soylak et al.2008, Cheraghali et al.2010, Zarei et al.2011). It is therefore important to rigorously monitor the levels of heavy metals in edible salt for the purposes of quality control and food safety. There is little information about the levels of heavy metals in edible salts produced and sold in Ghana. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the levels of Pb, Cd, Co, and Mn in refined and unrefined salts produced and marketed in Ghana. Also, the potential human health risks associated with these metals through salt consumption are estimated.
Rotenone impairs oxidant/antioxidant balance both in brain and intestines in zebrafish
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
İsmail Ünal, Ünsal V. Üstündağ, Perihan S. Ateş, Gizem Eğilmezer, Ahmet A. Alturfan, Türkan Yiğitbaşı, Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
Wild-type male and female AB/AB strain zebrafish were maintained in disease-free conditions. Zebrafish were housed in an aquarium rack system (ZebTEC, Tecniplast, Italy) at 27 ± 1 °C under a light/dark cycle of 14/10 h. They were fed commercial flake fish food complemented with live brine shrimps twice a day. All experiments were fulfilled using reverse osmosis water supplemented with 0.018 mg/L sea salt (Instant Ocean™, USA). All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Marmara University. Zebrafish were randomly divided into two groups; one group was the control group (n = 7) and the other group was treated with 2 mg/L rotenone (Sigma, USA) dissolved in 0.1% DMSO) for 4 weeks (n = 9). Control group was exposed to a solution of 0.1% DMSO. At the end of the experiment, locomotor activity was determined by simple observation. Then fish were anesthetized and brain and intestine tissues were taken, homogenized in physiological saline and 10% (w/v) homogenates were prepared. Total protein, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were determined in the homogenates.
Gold nanoparticles ingested by oyster larvae are internalized by cells through an alimentary endocytic pathway
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Seta Noventa, Christian Hacker, Ana Correia, Claudia Drago, Tamara Galloway
The tested 100-nm gold NPs were DiagNano™ Alexa Fluor 488 Labeled (GFL-100-488), Creative Diagnostics (https://www.cd-pioparticles.com/p/Fluorophore-Gold-Nanoparticles_258_259_271_3108.html). The surface was coated with a non-reactive methyl polymer improving their stability in dispersion media. The stock solution was provided in a low ionic strength buffer (zeta potential of −18 eV). For in vivo exposure for 48 h of oyster embryos, NP suspensions were prepared freshly before use by diluting the gold NP stock suspension in artificial seawater (ASW; Tropic Marin® SEA SALT, salinity 30.0 ± 0.2 ppt; final volume 25 mL). At the start of the experiment, stock solution (previously bath-sonicated for 5 min) was added into each exposure chamber, at the final concentration of 5 mg L−1. The exposure concentration was chosen to maximize the performance of the TEM, rather than to mimic the natural environment. This high concentration maximized the likelihood that NPs would be present and visible in ultrathin sections using TEM. As gold is not subject to oxidation and dissolution, this concentration did not lead to larval toxicity. Negative controls (i.e. ASW only) were also carried out.