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Nutrition Part I
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Coconut oil has been inappropriately promoted for a reduction in CHD and other CV events with no evidence to support it in human clinical studies. In a meta-analysis of 21 studies with 8 clinical trials and 13 observational studies, coconut oil increased TC and LDL more than PUFA but less than butter, and it increased HDL and TG with no change in TC/HDL ratio. There was no change in any cardiovascular or CHD events (79,80). Coconut oil is 92% SFA, mostly lauric acid C 12:0 up to 51% (MCFA), then myristic acid (C14:0), and palmitic (C-16). SFA with a carbon length over 12 are considered LCFA, which may increase LDL and CHD risk. Coconut oil should not be recommended at this time for prevention or treatment of CHD or CVD due to the lack of prospective studies on CV outcomes and the mixed effects on serum lipids. It would seem based on the percentage of SFA types that it may be neutral in the effects on CHD and lipids. See below for the types of fats in coconut oil.
Nutrition, the Mediterranean Diet and Selected Supplements for the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Eggs and dairy products are not associated with CHD with the possible exception eggs consumption on the risk of CHD in T2DM. Coconut oil is not recommended unless if used as substitute for cane sugar. Organic, grass-fed beef and wild game may reduce CHD. High intakes of potassium and magnesium are recommended in conjunction with sodium restriction. Caffeine intake should be adjusted depending on the genetic ability to metabolize it via the CYP 1A2 system. Alcohol is associated with a U-shaped curve and CHD. The role of gluten, soy and caloric restriction and CHD in humans will require more studies.
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Fresh coconut fruits contain some amount of sweet water inside the central hollow cavity. Coconut flesh and water are edible, sweet, tasty, and rich in nutrients. Coconut water and coconut kernels contain microminerals and nutrients which are essential to human health, and hence coconut is used as food by many peoples across the globe, mainly in the tropical countries (124). White kernel is rich in saturated fats mainly constituted of lauric acid, which supports blood vessels by increasing good HDL cholesterol, contrary to other saturated fatty acids found in animal fats (123). The kernel is also an excellent source of minerals such as copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and B-complex vitamins. It is also rich in proteins which make it a good source of energy.
Dietary habits and perceptions of psoriatic patients: Mediterranean versus Asian diets
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Kawina Ingkapairoj, Leena Chularojanamontri, Chayada Chaiyabutr, Narumol Silpa-archa, Chanisada Wongpraparut, Sumanas Bunyaratavej
Regarding Asian food, the patients consumed significantly less brown rice/Riceberry and pickled foods. Riceberry is registered as a rice variety in Thailand and is exported to other countries. In clinical studies, Riceberry whole grain rice has been determined to have a ‘medium’ glycemic index and to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (28). Thus, Riceberry consumption is likely to provide benefits to psoriatic patients. Pickled foods are more commonly available in Asian countries than Western countries. They may be a dietary source of sodium nitrates, sodium nitrites, and N-nitrosamines (29,30). Since the 1980s, a number of studies have reported that there is a relationship between N-nitrosamines and cancers (31,32). Although it is still difficult to conclude that there is an association between pickled foods and psoriasis, the current research found that the psoriatic patients consumed significantly less pickled food than the controls. This may be because of a negative perception of pickled foods. As to coconut milk, evidence from randomized-controlled trials studies has indicated that coconut milk—a high caloric food with medium-chain triglycerides—can be beneficial to the body if consumed in appropriate amounts because it balances gut microbiota, increases insulin sensitivity, and lowers cholesterol levels (33,34). However, substantial coconut milk consumption induces the inflammatory process, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome.
Virgin Coconut Oil-Induced Neuroprotection in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats is Mediated, in Part, Through Cholinergic, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Nur Syafiqah Rahim, Siong Meng Lim, Vasudevan Mani, Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin, Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed, Kalavathy Ramasamy
Whilst giving due credit to the present findings, concerns over high saturated fatty acids in coconut oil (CO) (in general) and risk of heart disease should not be taken lightly. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Neelakantan et al. (2020) on the effect of CO consumption on cardiovascular risk factors, for example, found CO to significantly increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared to nontropical vegetable oils. Nevertheless, yet another recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Teng et al. (2020) on the impact of CO consumption on cardiovascular health highlighted that out of 4 studies that had reported a simultaneous rise in HDL-C and LDL-C, only one study used extra-VCO or VCO (unrefined CO). Subsequent subgroup analysis showed that when extra-VCO or VCO was used, no significant effect on LDL-C was observed. In spite of its better lipid profile, the high saturated fatty acids in VCO still raise the need to ascertain the safe and optimal concentration of VCO especially for long term consumption (Lim et al. 2020).
In vivo studies on the ameliorative effect of coconut water against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Ifeanyichukwu Elekwa, Victor Chibueze Ude, Okezie Emmanuel, Victor Obioma Amachaghi, Eziuche Amadike Ugbogu
Coconut water is better taken freshly in tropical areas because of its unstable nature when exposed to air. Traditionally, fresh coconut water is used for oral rehydration, treatment of childhood diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and cholera (Mandal et al. 2009). Coconut water has been shown to possess a myriad of nutritional, health and medicinal values such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, anti-cancer, antitumor, anti-dermatophyte, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, and hepatoprotective (Loki and Rajamohan 2003, Gandhi et al. 2013, Mohamad et al. 2019) and these have been pointed to their high content of bioactive compounds. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, immunostimulatory properties and cancer progression delaying properties of virgin coconut oil have also been documented by researchers (Winarsi and Purwanto 2008, Intahphuak et al. 2010, Varma et al. 2019). The efficacy of plant materials in the treatment of chemical toxicity is associated with the presence of phytochemicals and other nutrients and bioactive compounds which are known to have antioxidant properties.