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Marine-Based Carbohydrates as a Valuable Resource for Nutraceuticals and Biotechnological Application
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Rajni Kumari, V. Vivekanand, Nidhi Pareek
Marine invertebrates like sea cucumber and abalone are important sources of sulfated polysaccharides. Sea cucumbers are benthic marine invertebrates that belong to the Echinodermata phylum and the Holothuroidea class. Sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumber have a molecular weight ranging from 52 to 180 kDa (Zhao et al., 2020). Marine bacteria can also produce a few sulfated polysaccharides. Polysaccharides of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, a gram-negative bacteria, contain unusual sugar and non-sugar substituents with no structural similarity of repeating units (Kang et al., 2021). For example, the group configurations of sulfate, D-galacto, L-gulo, L-iduronic acid, (R)-lactic acid, and glycerol phosphorus have all been recognized as unusual acidic components of the polysaccharide Pseudoalteromonas marinoglutinosa KMM 232 (Kang et al., 2021).
Marine Fungi-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Potential as Future Drugs for Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Syed Shams Ul Hassan, Hui-Zi Jin, Abdur Rauf, Saud Bawazeer, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
Also, sea cucumber is of economic value in these regions. In the past, it has served as a therapeutic natural remedy for fatigue, sexual impotence, impotence because of aging, urinary incontinence, hypertension, anemia, arthritis, intestinal dryness, etc. Sea cucumber toxins also have anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-pregnancy properties [1, 21].
Ameliorative effects of ethanol extract of sea cucumber (Holothuria edulis spp.) in alloxan-induced rats
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
Y. Andriane, R.A. Indriyanti, R. Damailia, U.A. Lantika
Sea cucumbers have long been used as a food and traditional medicine in Asian countries with Stichopus hermanni, Thelenota ananas, Thelenota anax, Holothuria fuccogilva, and Actinopyga mauritiana the most highly valued species. These organisms are potential sources of high value-added compounds with therapeutic properties such as triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, bioactive peptides, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, collagens, gelatins, chondroitin sulfates, and amino acids. Health benefit effects of sea cucumbers have been validated through scientific research and have shown medicinal value such as wound healing, neuroprotection, and antitumor, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties (Pangestuti & Arifin 2018).
Mercury disrupts redox status, up-regulates metallothionein and induces genotoxicity in respiratory tree of sea cucumber (Holothuria forskali)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Khaoula Telahigue, Imen Rabeh, Safa Bejaoui, Tarek Hajji, Salwa Nechi, Emna Chelbi, M’hamed El Cafsi, Nejla Soudani
Like other estuarine and coastal marine organisms, sea cucumbers are exposed to various anthropogenic stressors. In this respect, Turk Culha et al. (2016) have reported that sea cucumbers could be used as bioindicator organisms for detecting xenobiotic contamination in marine environments. Among these xenobiotics, mercury (Hg) is increasingly featuring as one of the most toxic chemical compounds in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Luoma and Rainbow 2008). In the aquatic systems, this metal is present in elemental, inorganic, and organic forms. It accumulates in the very toxic form of methylmercury, via the food chain, in the top predators (Windom and Kendall 1979). Like other metals with no physiological functions, mercury enters organisms by molecular mimicry, utilizing inherent transporters for essential metals (Martinez-Finley et al. 2012). Once inside the cell, and due to its reactive property, it can enhance the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species and promote cellular oxidative stress (Verlecar et al. 2008, Kong et al. 2012). This induction of oxidative stress has been observed in several aquatic organisms exposed to mercury stress as bivalves (Géret 2002), crustaceans (Elumalai et al. 2007) and fish (Monteiro et al. 2010).
Holothuria scabra extracts exhibit anti-Parkinson potential in C. elegans: A model for anti-Parkinson testing
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Pawanrat Chalorak, Prapaporn Jattujan, Saksit Nobsathian, Tanate Poomtong, Prasert Sobhon, Krai Meemon
Marine invertebrates and their bioactive compounds have been identified to possess wide range of medical benefits.7 The sea cucumber is the marine organism that has been used as traditional food and medicine to promote longevity and mental acuity in Asian people since the ancient time. Holothuria scabra is a sea cucumber that is mostly found in Indo-Pacific region including Thailand. Previous studies showed that the secondary metabolites from this sea cucumber exhibited anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities.7–11 However, the anti-Parkinson activity of sea cucumbers has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, in this study the anti-Parkinson activity of extracts from H. scabra was investigated.
Non-polar compounds of Persian Gulf sea cucumber Holothuria parva selectively induce toxicity on skin mitochondria isolated from animal model of melanoma
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2018
Yalda Arast, Nina Seyed Razi, Melika Nazemi, Enayatollah Seydi, Jalal Pourahmad
Utilization of natural products as anticancer agents is increasing. In recent decades, many natural compounds, including from marine species, with anticancer properties have been identified; some of these compounds are indifferent phases of clinical trials11,12. Studies have shown that bioactive compounds isolated from sea cucumbers possess nutritional value, likely health benefits and serve as a potential treatment towards chronic diseases such as cancer13,14. Sea cucumbers, belonging to the Holothuroids (Holothuroidea), are marine invertebrates that exist in benthic areas and deep seas14. The anticancer effects of sea cucumbers have been attributed to a unique combination, which includes: triterpene glycosides, sulphated triterpene glycosides, alkaloids, frondoside A, unsaturated fatty acids13,15,16. Results from our previous study showed that mitochondrial targeting is an important mechanism by which Holothuria parva (H. parva) can potentially and selectively induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma hepatocytes and human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes14,17. Furthermore, other studies have shown that compounds isolated from sea cucumbers inducing apoptosis leading to cancer cell death15,16. There is a significant lack of evidence about the selective toxicity and apoptotic ability of H. parva, a novel potential anticancer candidate of Iranian Persian Gulf flora and fauna, on melanoma. Therefore, this study aimed to study the cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect of H. parva extracts on skin mitochondria isolated from animal model of melanoma.