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The sixteenth century
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
William Turner’s herbal contains an entry for the plant known as ‘satyrion’ (Orchis species) which he described as an aphrodisiac. The herb’s Latin name was satyrium, but it was better known by its English synonym and described as whyte hairs coddes, or in more unmannerly speche, hares ballocks’. The dictionaries relate that ‘ballok’ was once a polite term and that ‘ballok-wirt’ (testicle root) was a common name for the orchid (Orchis morio; from the Greek orchis, testicle). Salep was a drug or nutritious drink obtained from orchid roots, used by witches in love philters. Salep was also sold as a beverage in London before coffee became available. Regarding the virtues of plants, Gerard quoted Ruellis who wrote that ‘they commonly say in France, how hee needs neither Physition nor Surgeon, that had Bugle and Sanicle’. Bugle (Ajuga reptans) is an astringent while sanicle (Sanicula europaea) is an astringent which was much employed as a vulnerary (for the treatment of wounds, from the Latin vulnus, wound).
Prospects of Local Flora of Trans-Himalayan Region of Ladakh for Various Medicinal Uses
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Medicinal Plants, 2018
Gyan P. Mishra, Tsering Stobdan, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Tania Seth, Bijendra Singh
Bulbous roots are used traditionally in the local Amchi system of medicine as an aphrodisiac, expectorant and nervine tonic. Studies conducted with lyophilized aqueous extract of roots on the effect of sexual behaviour and spermatogenesis in male rats revealed that it increases testosterone production by 2.5 folds and subsequently increases the attraction towards females. The tuber of Dactylorhiza yields salep that is being used as a sizing material in silk industry. It is used in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea. Salep is also used to relieve hoarseness, diabetes, paralysis, convalesance, impotence, malnutrition, etc. salep boiled with milk is being used as a rejuvenating tonic in Ladakh. This plant is famous not only in Ayurveda but also in Amchi, Unani, etc. About 2.5 gm powder of tubers is considered as a full day’s diet in adverse conditions by local people. A decoction of salep with sugar and flavoured with spices has got a tremendous nutraceutical value. Mucilage jelly is also a nutritious by-product and useful in treating diarrhoea, dysentery, chronic fever, leucorrhoea, etc. (Warghat et al. 2009, 2013).
Salep
Published in H.S. Puri, Rasayana, 2002
The source of salep is tubers of many species of orchids, such as Orchis latifolia L, O. laxiflora Lam., O. maculata, O. militaris L., O. mario L., O. mascula L., O. pyramidalis L, O. sambucina and O. simia L In Russia, salep is obtained from Orchis spp., Gymnadenia spp. (Habenaria), Anacamptis spp. and Platanthera spp.
Characterisation of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) essential oil encapsulates
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2019
Murat Yilmaztekin, Steva Lević, Ana Kalušević, Mustafa Cam, Branko Bugarski, Vesna Rakić, Vladimir Pavlović, Viktor Nedović
Due to the small size of the particles and relatively satisfactory EE, carnauba wax based encapsulates were chosen for incorporation into ice cream. Although Ca-alginate capsules exhibited better EE (see below), their size could negatively affect ice cream textural properties and overall sensorial acceptance. Four types of ice cream were produced with the following combinations according to Cam et al. (2013): Control ice cream (IC1), enriched with peppermint oils at 0.1% (w/w) (IC2), 0.2% (w/w) (IC3), and 0.3% (w/w) (IC4). The amount of peppermint oil in the samples was based on dry matter content. As an example, ice cream ingredients for IC2 were mixed in the following combinations: A glass beaker containing 180 ml of skim milk was placed on a thermostatically controlled mechanical stirrer. Ingredients were added into the beaker at 50 °C with regular stirring at 1000 rpm. Cream (40 g), skim milk powder (25 g), sucrose (32 g), mono-diglyceride mix (0.5 g), sahlep as stabiliser (0.5 g) and encapsulated peppermint oil (0.1 g). The mixture was pasteurised at 80 °C for 10 min followed by cooled to +4 °C. After keeping the mixture at +4 °C for 24 h the aged mixture was whipped at 0 °C for 30 min with a laboratory type ice cream machine (Gelato, Bologna, Italy). The resulting ice cream was hardened at −18 °C for 24 h in a deep freezer. All other formulations (IC1, IC3, and IC4) were prepared in the same way by changing the peppermint oil content but keeping the amount of other ingredient’s constant.
Chitosan-coated alginate (CCA) nanoparticles for augmentation of topical antihistaminic activity of diphenhydramine: in-vitro optimization, skin histopathology and pharmacodynamic studies with in vitro/in vivo correlation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Sandy N. Aziz, Alia A. Badawy, Demiana I. Nessem, Nevine S. Abd El Malak, Marianne J. Naguib
Also, the volume of CaCl2 had a positive effect on the measured EE of the drug (Figure 2(c)), by increasing the volume from 3 ml to 4 ml, the entrapment efficiency was significantly increased (p < 0.0001). CaCl2 is an important molecule in the formation of true nanoparticles as reported by Rajaonarivony et al. [29]. This is in accordance with the results reported by Wissam and Samer [53] who tried to encapsulate flaxseed oil in alginate-salep system by ionic gelation. Increasing polyvalent cation concentration as calcium ions enhances binding to neighboring guluronic acid residues, in other words, polyvalent cation augments cross-linking between different polymer molecules and different parts of the same polymer chain.