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Value-Added Products and Bioactive Compounds from Fruit Wastes
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Ranjay Kumar Thakur, Rahel Suchintita Das, Prashant K. Biswas, Mukesh Singh
Protein deficiency may lead to several abnormal situations for the development of body and biochemical functions. The non-edible residues of many fruits and vegetables are good alternative sources of proteins. Protein content in apple pomace, mosambi peel, mango peel, pineapple peel, banana peel and orange peel was 4.45 g, 5.4 g, 9.5 g, 8.7 g, 6.02 g and 5.97 g, respectively [152].
Muscular Dystrophy Diseases
Published in Maher Kurdi, Neuromuscular Pathology Made Easy, 2021
In summary, muscular dystrophy is characterized clinically and histologically with myopathic features, dystrophic pattern, and muscle fibrosis. Pathologists should do the usual and common panel of dystrophy proteins. The panel rarely shows protein deficiency; however, molecular analysis is important for the final diagnosis.
Total Calories and Protein Intake
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
The question of whether apparently healthy persons would benefit from additional protein intake during periods of injury and healing has not been well studied. A series of six studies by Cheraskin and Ringsdorf examined the effect of protein supplementation in humans with periodontal disease.182–188 No subjects exhibited clinical or biochemical signs of protein deficiency. Studies were conducted with placebos for 4 to 15 d. Both whole proteins of animal and vegetable origin were used, as well as mixtures of amino acids. Total supplemental protein amounts were 10 to 40 g/d. Gingival inflammation, sulcular depth, and tooth mobility were assessed. Protein supplementation was associated with significant favorable effects on reduction of inflammation and tooth mobility. The effect of protein supplementation was greater than standard practice of scaling and prophylaxis. Although these studies have not been replicated, they suggest that even in instances of local healing in persons with presumably adequate protein status, protein supplementation led to improvements in healing.
Malnutrition and Associated Disorders in Tuberculosis and Its Therapy
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2019
Sherry Joseph Martin, Evan Prince Sabina
The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is the most important in catalyzing the detoxification of TB drugs. It is involved in the oxidation of most xenobiotic chemicals including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens. The influence of diet in both the induction and maintenance of integrity of cytochrome P450 enzymes is well known. It has been seen in both animal and human studies that protein deficiency causes a significant reduction in the efficiency of the cytochrome P450 system. The enzyme concentration was decreased in rats that underwent two weeks of protein deficiency. It has also been reported among Sudanese children that hepatic drug–metabolizing enzymes are decreased among children with malnutrition (Homeida, Karrar, & Roberts, 1979). Similar effects have been seen in a study conducted on rats where protein malnutrition compounds the gastrotoxicity of various xenobiotics (Motawi, Abd-Elgawad, & Shahin, 2013). It has been previously reported that ablation of cytochrome P450 enzymes occurs due to elevated expression of genes encoding fatty acid synthesis. A high dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can suppress the expression of genes encoding fatty acid synthesis and therefore restore cytochrome P450 enzyme function to normal (Gonzalez et al., 2011). The suppression of cytochrome enzyme systems can lead to lower efficiency in metabolizing antibiotics, thereby adversely affecting their kinetics in the patient as well as their action on the mycobacteria.
Treatment options and dietary supplements for patients with phenylketonuria
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2018
Júlio César Rocha, Anita MacDonald
In PKU, a low Phe diet was first given to a 2-year-old child with PKU at Birmingham Children’s Hospital by Bickel, Gerrard, and Hickman’s and reported in 1953 [10]. The child had severe developmental problems; was unable to stand, walk, or talk, and spent her time crying and head banging. During treatment with a low Phe diet there was a gradual improvement in the child’s mental state. She learnt to walk, crawl, stand, climb on chairs, ceased head banging, and her hair grew darker. Throughout the decades, the goal of dietary management has remained the same, that is to maintain plasma Phe levels within recommended target concentrations, while maintaining adequate nutrition for normal physical growth and neurocognitive development. This diet restricts natural protein and supplements with a synthetic protein substitute, vitamins, and minerals. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, the importance of dietary treatment was gradually accepted although there were concerns about protein deficiency (e.g. anorexia, diarrhea, and anemia) which was commonly observed.
Chemical Utilization of Albizia lebbeck Leaves for Developing Protein Concentrates as a Dietary Supplement
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Lutful Haque Khan, V. K. Varshney
Proteins are most important for the development of the human body and maintenance of good health. Adequate amounts of proteins are essential for normal maintenance of body functions and for growth, maturation, pregnancy, lactation, and recovery from injuries and diseases. Protein deficiency and malnutrition are being experienced by a large population of the developing world. With rapid population growth coupled with limited cultivable land, shortage of protein has become a global issue. The world has recognized the grim truth that ultimately the population growth will outstrip food suppliers. Approximately 60% of the 10.9 million deaths each year among children under the age of five in the developing world are attributed to protein malnutrition (WHO, 2002). Further, shortage of good quality protein is a serious concern of feed producers. These considerations have necessitated the search for additional sources of protein. Several novel sources of protein such as fish protein concentrate (FPC; Bárzana & Garía-Garibay, 1994), single-cell protein (SCP; Nasseri et al., 2011), soybean protein (SBP; Bhatia & Greer, 2008), and insect protein (Ghaly & Alkoaik, 2010) have been suggested to meet the increasing demand of human dietary and animal protein.