China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Genetics of Energy Expenditure in Humans
Published in Claude Bouchard, The Genetics of Obesity, 2020
Claude Bouchard, Olivier Dériaz, Louis Pérusse, Angelo Tremblay
Most of the variation in these two indicators of habitual physical activity level was accounted for by nontransmissible environmental factors, with values reaching 71% for habitual physical activity and 88% for exercise participation. The transmission effect across generations was found to be significant, but entirely accounted for by genetic factors for habitual physical activity (with a value of 29%), and by cultural transmission (12%) for exercise participation with no genetic effect. Since habitual physical activity was computed as the sum of all scores (i.e., from 1 to 9) and exercise participation included only the activities rated from 6 to 9, activities rated 1 to 5 were those characterized by a significant genetic effect. These results were interpreted as an indication of inherited differences in the propensity to be spontaneously active.
Exergaming for Health and Fitness Application
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Everyday Technologies in Healthcare, 2019
Maziah Mat Rosly, Hadi Mat Rosly, Mark Halaki
Exercise is known to be a subset of leisure time physical activity that is planned, structured and repetitive for the purpose of conditioning any part of the body (Caspersen et al., 1985). Physical activities that are dose-response sufficient to enable improvements in fitness and reduce risk of cardiometabolic diseases are recommended by current guidelines (Haskell et al., 2007). These activities, if known to be of adequate intensity are collectively understood as ‘dose-potent’ (Mat Rosly et al., 2017a, b), a term coined to mean a moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise intensity, performed within bouts of 10 min (Garber et al., 2011). However, this measure of ‘dose-potency’ omitted the amount of time and frequency spent on the exercise over a week that enables an estimate of physical activity level. In addition, any form of competitive exercise, played according to specific rules, is called sports. This general term for sports embraces the exercise umbrella and relates to a specific profession, which requires practice to attain a level of expertise.
Nutritional Considerations
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Rachael Donnelly, Susannah E. Penney, Siân Lewis, Lesley Freeman, Pippa Mather
Cancer itself does not have a consistent effect upon either resting energy expenditure (REE) or total energy expenditure (TEE).9, 28 Indirect calorimetry to determine REE has a high degree of accuracy however it is not usually feasible in clinical practice. Guidelines suggest the use of standard formulas for healthy subjects for estimating REE with the addition of standard values for physical activity level (PAL).14 Alternatively, standard equations for energy requirements based on healthy subjects (25–30 kcal/kg/day), may be used.
High-normal blood pressure in midlife is a stronger risk factor for incident hypertension 26 years later in women than men: the Hordaland Health Study
Published in Blood Pressure, 2023
Annabel Eide Ohldieck, Ester Kringeland, Helga Midtbø, Grethe S. Tell, Eva Gerdts
Medical history, smoking, alcohol intake, education, menopausal status, drug use including contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, antihypertensive medication, and time since last meal were collected in self-reported questionnaires in both surveys. Menopause was defined as 1 year since the last menstruation. Height was measured to the nearest centimetre, and weight with light clothing to the nearest half-kilogram on a calibrated scale. BMI was calculated as weight in kg/height2. Overweight was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Smoking was defined as current daily smoking. Level of education was classified as (1) primary education/lower secondary school, (2) upper secondary school, and (3) higher education. Physical activity level was classified as sedentary or non-sedentary. Sedentary participants performed less than 4 h of moderate or physically vigorous activity a week. One alcohol unit is defined as one glass of wine, a half-litre of ordinary strength lager, or a single shot of spirits.
Sexual Function, Behavior, and Satisfaction in Masters Athletes
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Tianyu Wang, Melanie A. Heath, Sebastian K. Tanaka, Hirofumi Tanaka
A total of 166 masters athletes were studied with the majority being swimmers (Table 1). Approximately 95% of participants were heterosexual White people, and rest were heterosexual Hispanics. The mean age of the two groups was not different. The physical activity level was evaluated by the frequency of moderate to vigorous exercise per week. Approximately 90% of masters athletes exercised 4 or more days per week, whereas less than 50% of the general population were at the same exercise level. The prevalence of smoking was significantly less in masters athletes, whereas masters athletes tended to drink alcohol beverages more frequently than the general population. Masters athletes displayed a lower prevalence of most major chronic diseases compared with the general population (Table 1).
Being with others during physical activity: experiences of well-being among adults with severe obesity
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Bente Skovsby Toft, Kathleen Galvin, Claus Vinther Nielsen, Lisbeth Uhrenfeldt
Physical activity interventions aim to increase physical activity level among the inactive individuals to obtain health benefits (Hills and Byrne, 2004) and/or weight maintenance in individuals with severe obesity (Donnelly et al., 2009). However, maintaining the activity level after intervention is found to be an ongoing challenge (Tate, Jeffery, Sherwood, and Wing, 2007). Being unable to remain active may make patients appear unsuccessful and physiotherapists (PT) may feel disappointed and unable to help and find it difficult to speak about and to understand the patient’s lifeworld experiences (Groven and Heggen, 2018). This is why encountering obese patients individually or in group-based lifestyle intervention programs can be a challenge. Recent studies have enhanced the understanding of what it is like to live with obesity as an existential challenge (Haga, Furnes, Dysvik, and Ueland, 2020; Ueland, Furnes, Dysvik, and Rørtveit, 2019) and how lifestyle change for weight loss in the long term presents existential aspects that are deeply personal (Natvik, Råheim, Andersen, and Moltu, 2018).