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Legumes
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
English speakers typically call Phaseolus vulgaris’ seeds “beans” and Phaseolus lunatus’ seeds “lima beans,” a tendency that stems from geography and familiarity. Sixteenth century Spaniards encountered beans in South America, distinguishing P. lunatus—domesticated about 8000 BCE—from other beans by naming lima beans after Peru’s capital.109 Having originated in Mexico and South America, Phaseolus beans were grown and eaten throughout the Americas before European contact. The Latin vulgaris, meaning “common,” acknowledges these beans’ ubiquity. Domestication occurred independently in Peru around 6000 BCE and in Mexico a millennium later.110 Peruvians ate beans before they added corn to diets whereas Mexicans reversed this sequence.
Nutraceutical Herbs and Insulin Resistance
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Giuseppe Derosa, Pamela Maffioli
Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) was shown to increase the body weight control and to influence positively glucose and lipid metabolism both in animal models and in humans.32 The mechanism of action that could explain the reducing effect on food intake, body weight, and glycemia of Phaseolus vulgaris is linked to the concomitant presence of two glycoproteins: α-amylase inhibitors and phytohaemoagglutinin. The inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase decreases starch metabolism and consequently glycemia after carbohydrate intake;32 moreover, it slows down gastric emptying, thus inducing satiety. Phytohaemoagglutinins bind to the intestinal brushborder and stimulate the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptides that control food intake.66 These observations are consistent with their traditional use as antidiabetic products in Central America and even Europe prior to the discovery of insulin.
Fruits, Vegetables and Tubers
Published in Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar, Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
Amongst the leguminous vegetable fruits, green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) including wax beans are the most widely produced crop. World production in 2012 was nearly 21 MMT with about 78 per cent of this coming from China. Fifteen LDCs and another 13 LIFDCs produced about 10 per cent of the world crop of green beans but this crop is recognized as an important contributor to export earnings in several countries of Africa, most notably Egypt and Kenya. Varieties of this same species are grown for the production of dry beans with world production in 2012 estimated at 24 MMT. Clearly, Phaseolus vulgaris with its many agronomic and horticultural varieties ranks very high as a provider of human food.
Assessment of gamma radiation through agro-morphological characters in camellia sinensis L. (O.) kuntze
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Shobhit K. Singh, Devajit Borthakur, Abhijit Tamuly, J. G. Manjaya, Pradeep K. Patel, Boby Gogoi, Santanu Sabhapondit, Nabajyoti J. Neog, A. K. Barooah
Singh (1979) indicated that over 60% of the world’s tea acreage has received its initial planting materials directly and indirectly from the tea genetic resources of India. The popularity of a few clones in the industry coupled with the danger of narrow genetic variability of the population is likely to make the job of future breeders extremely difficult. The evolution of superior planting materials for tomorrow depends upon the availability of diverse germplasm today, which must be preserved. Singh (1980) explained great success was achieved by breeding for yield-type planting material than for quality. This is due to several reasons such as the non-availability of enough genetically diverse materials and properly evaluated germplasm, inadequate quality evaluation technique, and lack of genetic information about a quality component. Kudo and Futsuhara (1974) concluded that the tea plant is suitable material for studying the radiation effects and the number of leaf buds formed gradually decreased with increasing dose rate and also explained that, the development of leaf buds was considerably inhibited by irradiation during the developmental stages of leaf buds. The number of leaf buds gradually decreased with increasing dose rate until the formation of leaf buds was completely inhibited. It was also reported that the plant height of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was decreased due to the increased level of gamma radiation.
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
The research looked at the anti-proliferative properties of aqueous extracts from French bean aerial sections (Phaseolus vulgaris). The aqueous extracts showed strong antioxidant activity at 400 and 800 mg/mL doses and inhibited the development of HepG2 cells (62). The seed coats of P. vulgaris yielded several compounds, including triterpenoids and flavonoids, according to phytochemical review. Several compounds isolated from P. vulgaris showed anti-proliferative activity (63). The lectins are the most common protein found in legumes. Due to its assorted pharmacological roles such as antitumor, anti-HIV and antibacterial properties, lectin has gained a lot of attention as a therapeutic agent in recent years. The hemagglutinin extracted from the seeds of P. vulgaris had a moderate inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell growth but did not affect normal liver cells (64). According to their research, BTKL’s (legume lectin from the seeds) antitumor activities against HepG2 cells may be mediated by three mechanisms as inducing apoptosis and necrosis, promoting nitric oxide development through upregulation of iNOS and triggering the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Interferon (INF)-γ (65). A hemagglutinin isolated from P. vulgaris was found to have greater anti-proliferative activity than concanavalin A in the HepG2 cancer cells (66).
Silver nanoparticles elicited in vitro callus cultures for accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites in Caralluma tuberculata
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Amir Ali, Sher Mohammad, Mubarak Ali Khan, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Mohammad Arif, Atif Kamil, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani
In this study, higher level of AgNPs (90 μg/l) beyond an optimal level (60 μg/l) in combination with PGRs resulted in a significant decline in callus biomass (Table 1). Determining the optimal concentration of any nano particles, at which the plant cell can attain maximum and healthy growth, is very much crucial in order to prevent the toxicity issues related to application of nanomaterial on plants. For instance, when the explants of Phaseolus vulgaris were treated with different levels of AgNPs, maximum growth parameters during callus growth such as the percent callus induction and biomass were observed at the optimum concentration (50 mg/ml) of AgNPs [26]. Literature regarding the behaviour of nanoparticles to the plant cell and tissue culture development is scare. The mechanism that how AgNPs along with PGRs manage the callus cultures is yet to be explored in medicinal plants including C. tuberculata. Currently, the reports about the absorption, translocation, accumulation, biotransformation and toxicity of NPs are mostly contradictory [27]. The nature of plant species, age and types of tissues and physiological state are among the parameters affected by NPs [28]. Though the exact mechanism of the action of AgNPs in plant cell growth is not yet known, it may be speculated that AgNPs can enhance the plant cell’s nutrient and water uptake from the culture media by mutilating the cell wall. Compared with animal cell, the presence of cell wall in plant cell acts as an important structure for the uptake of nutrients [29].