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Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Per 100 g, the seed is reported to contain 425 calories, 17.8 g H2O, 15.7 g protein, 26.3 g fat, 37.0 g total carbohydrate, 28.0 g fiber, 3.2 g ash, 350 mg Ca, 33 mg P, 11.1 mg Fe, 10 μg ß-carotene equivalent, 0.32 mg thamine, 0.11 mg riboflavin, 3.1 mg niacin, and 0 mg ascorbic acid. The amino acid composition of the seed protein is (in g/16 g N) arginine, 14.8; histidine, 2.5; leucine, 6.3; isoleucine, 4.3; lysine, 4.4; methionine, 1.4; phenylalanine, 5.1; theonine, 3.01; and valine, 6.0.1 The seed cake, rich in proteins, contains 0.56% Ca, 0.47% P, and 6.14% N. The average feed value of the cake is 38.4% protein, 8.4% fat; 16.0% N-free extract, 20.9% N-free extract, 34.2% digestible protein, and 61.4% digestible nutrients. Apigenin and luteolin are the chief flavones in the seeds (1:1). They also occur in the leaves with nine flavone glycosides, the chief one being shishonin, and five antho-cyanins including cyanadin 3.5 diglucoside and its esters with cinnamic acid derivatives.251 The leaves contain an anthocyanin, perillanin chloride, which on hydrolysis yields probably delphinidin, protocatechuic acid, and glucose. The plant is reported to contain perillartine (perillaldehyde), about 2000 times as sweet as cane sugar (four to eight times as sweet as saccharin), hence, used as a sweeetening agent in Japan.20 The volatile perilla oil also contains aldehyde antioxine (used in the tobacco industry), ten times sweeter than saccharin, but poisonous, not dissolving easily in water but disintegrating by heating. The volatile perilla oil also contains citral, 1-limonene, and alpha-pinene. The leaves, per 100 g, contain 42 calories, 86 g water, 3.4 g protein, 0.6 g fat, 8.0 g carbohydrate, 1.5 g fiber, 2.0 g ash, 197 mg Ca, 73 mg P, 6.7 mg Fe, 20 mg Na, 650 mg K, 4380 μg ß-carotene equivalent, 0.07 mg thiamine, 0.32 mg riboflavin, 0.8 mg niacin, and 46 mg ascorbic acid. When dried, the edible seed contains 23.12% protein, 45.07% oil, 10.28% N-free extract, 10.28% fiber, and 4.64% ash.1
Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress through activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway attenuates hypoxia-mediated cardiomyocyte damage
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2021
ERK has been reported to be an upstream mediator of ER stress. For example, activation of ERK attenuates ER stress and thus protects pancreatic β-cells function [28]. Overexpression of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 reduces catecholamine-induced endothelial cell damage through improvement in ER stress in a manner dependent on ERK activation [29]. High-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis could be attenuated by α-linolenic acid-enriched cold-pressed perilla oil through modulation of the severity of ER stress by the way of ERK activation [30]. Obesity-associated retinal degeneration is associated with ER stress through modulation the activity of ERK [31]. In the present study, our experiments were performed to understand the role of ERK in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocyte. Altogether, the aim of our study is to figure out the influence of ERK-modulated ER stress in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte viability, which is used to provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic myocardial damage.
Biotin anchored nanostructured lipid carriers for targeted delivery of doxorubicin in management of mammary gland carcinoma through regulation of apoptotic modulator
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2020
Chandra B. Tripathi, Poonam Parashar, Malti Arya, Mahendra Singh, Jovita Kanoujia, Gaurav Kaithwas, Shubhini A. Saraf
Doxorubicin was provided ex-gratis by M/s Miracalus Pharma, India. Lecithin was purchased from M/s HiMedia Laboratories (Mumbai, India). Sesame oil, soyabean oil and perilla oil were purchased from local vendors (M/s Sugandhco Pvt. Ltd, India). NHS, DCC, PEG-bis-amine, HABA, 2-mercaptoethanol, Propidium Iodide, RNase A, EMEM, FBS (previously heat-inactivated), HBSS, MTT, DMBA were purchased from M/s Sigma Aldrich. 2, 7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, Alamar blue® reagent, Rhodamine-123, RIPA lysis buffer were purchased from M/s Thermo Fisher Scientific. All the antibodies were purchased from M/s Santa Cruz. All solvents including water used for extraction and mobile phase were of HPLC grade. All other chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade.
Triticum aestivum Sprouts Extract Inhibits Azoymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Hyeon-Hui Ki, Ji-Hyun Lee, Hoon-Yeon Lee, Young-Mi Lee, Dae-Ki Kim
As described in previous studies, HPLC profiling of TAEE showed that polyunsaturated fatty acid like α-linolenic acid and glycolipids and sterols (22,44). Several reports suggested that α-linolenic acid has anti-inflammatory potential in DSS-induced colitis (45) and dietary perilla oil rich in α-linolenic acid reduced colon carcinogenesis in rats (46). And some glycolipids also have anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting COX-2 pathway (47). However, further studies are needed to determine which compounds are involved in these inhibitory effects of TAEE on colon inflammation and carcinogenesis.