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Envisioning Utilization of Super Grains for Healthcare
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Hemp seed contains 5.5% minerals and is a good source of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, iron, and zinc [34, 52]. It is a superior source of vitamin E, compared to other oilseeds, present at levels of 90 mg/100 g with high amounts of γ-tocopherol (85 mg/100 g) and α-tocopherol (5 mg/100 g) [34, 103]. It also contains fair amounts of β-carotene (a vitamin A precursor) and carotenoids (2–5.3 mg/100 g oil) [70].
Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
The phytoestrogens are a group of polyphenolic compounds found in most plants in varying amounts. They have a chemical structure similar to estradiol, an endogenous estrogen found in most mammals. There are three main families of phytoestrogens, the isoflavones (related to flavonoid-type molecules), the coumestans, and the lignans (Figures 12.12 and 12.13). One study has shown that the nine most common phytoestrogens are found in greatest abundance in nuts and oilseeds (e.g., flax seed), tofu, cereals and breads, soy products (e.g., soy beans), vegetables (e.g., beans, and cabbage), legumes (stems, flowers, roots and seeds), meat products and other processed foods that contain soy, various fruits, and hops, and grains (and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages containing them). However, the content can be affected by processing. Structures of a generalized isoflavonoid (3-phenylchromen-4-one), coumestan and the lignan enterolactone. The structure of the naturally occurring estrogen estradiol is provided for comparative purposes.
Functional Foods
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
José M. Lorenzo, Paulo E. S. Munekata, Mirian Pateiro, Elena Movilla Fierro, Suzana Rimac Brnčić, Mladen Brnčić, Francisco J. Barba
Alternatively, the production of functional food from animal origin can be carried out by improving the feeding of animals with functional ingredients. One of the main functional foods of animal origin is the omega-3-enriched egg. The feeding fatty acid composition is improved by omega-3-rich sources such as fish oil, oilseeds, and microalgae (Fraeye et al., 2012). Moreover, the production of functional eggs can also include the use of vitamins and minerals such as folic acid and selenium, respectively (Surai and Sparks, 2001).
Optimization of the extraction conditions and dermal toxicity of oil body fused with acidic fibroblast growth factor (OLAF)
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Yongxin Guo, Yaying Li, Qian Wu, Xinxin Lan, Guodong Chu, Weidong Qiang, Muhammad Noman, Tingting Gao, Jinnan Guo, Long Han, Jing Yang, Xiaokun Li, Linna Du
Over the past few years, oil bodies extracted from oilseeds have attracted interest from both academia and industry, due to their potential applications in food, cosmetics, pharmacology and other applications29. In particular, with the in-depth understanding of oil bodies and their related proteins, more attention has been given to the production of foreign substances using oil bodies as “carriers”. As a new bioreactor, oleosin-stabilised oil bodies have been successfully used for the production of hirudin, glucuronidase, insulin, xylanase, and other medicinal proteins30,31. Among these proteins, hirudin and β-glucuronidase produced by this system have been commercialised successfully. Insulin and apolipoprotein expressed in oil bodies of oilseed crops by SemBioSys Genetics Inc., Canada, have also entered the stage of clinical trials32,33. Although great progress has been made in terms of patents, research papers and products, there are few reports on the safety of products expressed by plant oil body systems. In our previous study, a series of oil bodies fused with multiple growth factors with biological activity was also obtained using oleosin fusion technology34. However, the safety of these fusion proteins has not been reported. Therefore, under the premise of optimising its extraction conditions, the dermal toxicity of OLAF was studied in the present study.
The Arachis hypogaea Essential Oil Nanoemulsion as an Efficient Safe Apoptosis Inducer in Human Lung Cancer Cells (A549)
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Parastoo Fazelifar, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Aras Rafiee
Peanuts essential oil is known as the fourth useful oilseed after soybean, cottonseed, and rapeseed. Among the 18.6% to 20.8% of the extracted peanut oil 16.2% to 36% protein has been estimated, which are categorized into three water-soluble (albumin), salt soluble (globulins), and pH-dependent soluble (glutelins) components (7–9). Moreover, it contains about 18% carbohydrates and heat-resistant inorganic components including magnesium, potassium, sulfur, and phosphorus (10). Arachis hypogaea (peanut) due to its individual components such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals have been used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial factor (11–14), which can be improved by nano-encapsulated systems such as nanoemulsions (15).
Synergistic hepatoprotective effects of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids from Indian flax and sesame seed oils against CCl4-induced oxidative stress-mediated liver damage in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Sunil Chikkalakshmipura Gurumallu, Tareq Aqeel, Ashwini Bhaskar, Kannan Chandramohan, Rajesha Javaraiah
The presence of fatty acid composition in the oilseeds like flax and sesame vary due to various factors, including agronomic. In FSO, ALA is a major fatty acid and it constitutes 39.90 ± 0.14% out of the total 52.24% PUFA. Similarly, in SSO, LA constitutes 28.35 ± 0.46 out of the total 28.69% PUFA (Guimarães et al.2013). Apart from FAs, both oils also contain natural antioxidants like tocopherols and phenolic compounds, which exert different biological properties.