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Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Fatty acids such as oleic acid (or their salts) do not often occur naturally in their free acid form in plants or animals, instead occurring as esters such as triglycerides, which are the greasy components of many naturally occurring oils. The free fatty acid forms of these esters are derived by a hydrolysis process, known as saponification. There is usually less than 2% of the free acid form of oleic acid in virgin olive oil (with the rest in the triglyceride form), and higher concentrations of the free acid form can make the oil bitter and inedible. The triglyceride form of oleic acid constitutes up to 75% of pecan oil, 85% of sunflower oil, 61% of canola oil, 67% of peanut oil, 60% of macadamia oil, 20% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil and sesame oil, and 14% of poppy seed oil. It is also abundant in many animal fats, for example, constituting up to 56% of chicken and turkey fat and 47% of lard.
Emollient Esters and Oils
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
John Carson, Kevin F. Gallagher
Animal oils or fats originate from a wide variety of animals and parts of animals. Most animal fats come from the subcutaneous fat layer. Examples include beef tallow and lard. Due to a higher content of saturated fatty acid-containing triglycerides, these materials are typically soft solids rather than fluid oils. An exception would be mink oil, where the subcutaneous fat is "winterized" (essentially chilled and filtered) to remove the more saturated components. This process provides an "oil" of animal origin containing a higher percentage of triglycerides containing palmitic oleic acid esters.
Personalized Nutrition in Hypercholesterolemia
Published in Nilanjana Maulik, Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
Aktarul Islam Siddique, Nalini Namasivayam
CHD persists as the leading cause of death worldwide and hypercholesterolemia remains the major risk factor for the development of CHD. Early detection of hypercholesterolemia can help prevent premature CHD as well as CVD. Diet therapy plays a vital role in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Maintenance of a personalized healthy diet containing diverse foods is recommended for lowering the risk of CVD. The diet should include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole-grains, whole wheat bread, legumes, and high-fiber low-salt food items. Vegetable oils, mainly olive and canola oils, excluding palm and coconut oils, are preferable to animal fats. Moreover, there are certain other compounds that may confer benefits for CVD such as nuts, almonds, avocado and tahini, low-fat dairy products, green tea and two to three servings of fatty fish per week. The Mediterranean diet has been documented to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in both primary and secondary prevention. Additionally, other dietary patterns that could be suggested are a low-fat diet for people reported with cardiovascular risk, the DASH diet for people with hypertension, and lowcarbohydrate diets for overweight people or those suffering from metabolic syndrome.
Prevention of ulcerative colitis by Huangqin decoction: reducing the intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis rate through the IFN-γ/JAK/ETS signalling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Xiaowei Mo, Kairui Tang, Lijing Deng, Xingyi Zhou, Xiaojuan Li, Yupei Zhang, Jing Wang
The pathogenesis of UC is related to the complex interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, such as smoking, infection, sleep, climate change and diet (Du and Ha 2020). Among them, the role of climatic factors and dietary factors in the pathogenesis of UC cannot be underestimated. Studies have shown that changes in the outside climate or seasons have a certain impact on the process of UC, and the primary two variables of climate change (temperature and humidity) can affect the host’s immune function and species richness of the gut microbiome (Aamodt et al. 2013). At the same time, the common ‘Western-style’ diet (processed meats, refined carbohydrates, etc.) is associated with an increased risk of developing IBD. The increased intake of total fat, animal fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet increases the host's UC risk (Hou et al. 2011; Singh et al. 2017). To better reflect the complex pathogenesis of clinical UC patients, this study used a combination of factors, such as hot and humid climate, high-fat and high-sugar diet, and low-dose DSS, to establish a mouse UC model. The results of this study indicate that this compound modelling method successfully establishes a stable mouse model of UC. We believe this modelling method that integrates multiple factors may better reflect the clinical situation of UC patients.
Associations of perceived stress and salivary cortisol with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern in women shift workers
Published in Stress, 2021
Raquel Canuto, Anderson Garcez, Poli Mara Spritzer, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
The dietary pattern analyzed in this study was identified and described in a previous study (Frohlich et al., 2019). Food consumption was determined with a validated qualitative food frequency questionnaire comprising 53 food items. Respondents reported on all food items consumed in the past year, recorded in number of days per week, month, or year. The food frequency data were transformed into an annual consumption rate. Principal component analysis identified 3 dietary patterns, which together explained 24.4% of the total variance. The animal fat and high-calorie food dietary pattern included animal fat, jellies, bread, potatoes and manioc, coffee, eggs, red meat, and sweets. The snack and fast-food dietary pattern included cookies, sausage, crackers, soft drinks, fast food, vegetable fats, and dairy products. The fruit and vegetable dietary pattern included green and yellow vegetables, bananas, citrus fruits, whole grains, and other vegetables and fruits.
Respiratory health in Canada before 1800
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2021
Mental problems were treated by prayers, cries, incantations, and dances. For physical problems, massages and various herbs, ointments, and balms that could contain animal fats were used. Infusions of buds or bark of white spruce, hemlock, or menyanths (or Menyanthis), in particular the annedda, as called by aboriginals (whose origin is still discussed but that seems to be an extract American white cedar), were used to treat scurvy after killing many of Europe's first immigrants.7 Some products, such as monard (monarda), were antispasmodic, and herbs such as lycopodium, lobelia, and betony were used to treat skin ulcers and abscesses. For generalized infections caused by wounds, bleeding was offered. Breastfeeding for up to 5 years could protect young children from infectious diseases.