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Prevalence and Risk Factors
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Malnutrition not related to acute or chronic disease is often caused by social and environmental factors which can negatively affect nutrient intake, in both the quantity and quality of food consumed. Income, residential environment, access to transportation and housing conditions, among others, may limit access to healthy food, as well as the ability to purchase, store and prepare it.84 The following reviews malnutrition risk related to marital status, residence, income and education level. However, there are other factors that influence SDOH, which may affect nutrition risk, such as immigration status, employment, language and disability, among others.84
Food Allergy
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Alison Cassin, Ashley Devonshire, Stephanie Ward, Meghan McNeill
Patients with food allergies are at risk of poor nutrient intake and poor growth. Extensive nutrition education is required in order to prevent accidental exposure and allergic reaction. Nutrition reassessment can determine if a patient is meeting their nutrient needs with the food substitutes utilized. Reassessment of nutrient intake and growth are essential to ensure the patient is meeting their nutrient needs. Nutrition monitoring also includes reassessment of patient and caregiver knowledge to ensure that they have the tools and education needed to prevent accidental exposure to allergens (Table 15.8).
Envisioning Utilization of Super Grains for Healthcare
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Heat treatments especially autoclaving increase the protein digestibility due to reduction in protease inhibitors [155]. Washing and drying of quinoa at high temperatures (80 ºC) reduces the protein, fat, fiber, and mineral content by 10%, 12%, 27%, and 27%, respectively, which is attributed to protein denaturation, complexation of released amino acids with melanoidins in Maillard reaction, lipid oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis during initial drying period, and leaching of minerals along with saponins [117]. Tannins in quinoa can be removed effectively by adequate washing and soaking (18–22 h), followed by common domestic process treatments that involve heat treatments like microwaving, autoclaving, boiling, and roasting [25]. Similarly, amaranth exhibits 80% retention of magnesium during steaming and boiling whereas in quinoa, copper is lost up to 17% during boiling. 100 g of cooked amaranth contributes more to the Recommended Nutrient Intake of minerals especially manganese, magnesium, and phosphorus [122].
Nutritional Assessment in Early Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients, a Cross-Sectional Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Pan Yang, Yaya Song, Xiuchen Jing, Yongqin Ge, Minghong Liu, Fang Tang, Ying Chen, Qin Li, Feng Wei, Yanqin Mao, Xiang Xu, Xiaming Zhu, Yin Lu
According to the PG-SGA, 115 (67.3%) of recipients required significant nutritional intervention and symptom management (PG-SGA score ≥ 9). In a prospective longitudinal study in Iran, Ghammaz et al., 72% of patients indicated malnourish at day 30 post-transplantation (24). As a widely used nutritional screening tool for cancer patients, nevertheless, PG-SGA may be over-scored due to excessive subjective patient factors. Thus, it is necessary to use additional nutrition evaluation tools. Inadequate nutrient intake is at risk of malnutrition in our research. Patients in the early stages of transplantation suffer from mucositis and intestinal complications, leading to inadequate energy intake. In addition, graft versus host disease (GVHD), infectious complications, and treatments such as total body irradiation and intensive chemotherapy, can significantly reduce in oral food intake and intestinal malabsorption (25).
Nutrient effects on working memory across the adult lifespan
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Selene Cansino, Frine Torres-Trejo, Cinthya Estrada-Manilla, Adriana Flores-Mendoza, Gerardo Ramírez-Pérez, Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
For this reason, it is crucial to search for factors that could benefit or impair the course of working memory decline across the adult lifespan. Nutrient intake has been identified as a potential factor because of its direct influence on brain function [4]. However, studies that have examined the effects of nutrients on brain function and consequently on cognitive function have mainly focused on determining their influence on general cognition in healthy adults [5] or in patients with mild cognitive impairment [6,7]. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials that included healthy middle-aged and older adults found no effect of omega 3, B vitamins or E vitamins on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores after at least 3 months of supplementation [8]. The lack of effects could be attributed to cognition as a whole not declining with advancing age; only specific domains are vulnerable to the effects of age, such as memory, and within this domain, only certain types of memory, particularly episodic memory and working memory, are affected [9].
The triglyceride-glucose index as a novel marker associated with sarcopenia in non-diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Ruoxin Chen, Liuping Zhang, Mengyan Zhang, Ying Wang, Dan Liu, Zuolin Li, Xiaoliang Zhang, Hui Jin, Bicheng Liu, Hong Liu
Malnutrition is prevalent among patients undergoing MHD. Nutrients, such as protein and fat, are constantly consumed as CKD progresses, resulting in malnutrition in patients [34,35]. Approximately 23–94% of MHD patients are malnourished due to the synergism of nutritional intake, loss of appetite, inflammation, electrolyte balance disorders, and other factors [36]. In our study, we found that patients with sarcopenia had significantly lower protein levels and AMC than those without sarcopenia. In addition, plasma albumin levels are significantly reduced in patients with sarcopenia. To further understand the nutritional status of patients, we conducted an investigation using the MIS. MIS incorporates objective laboratory parameters based on the SGA and is an effective screening tool for assessing malnutrition and quality of life in patients undergoing MHD [17,37–39]. Our results showed that among non-diabetic patients undergoing MHD, those with sarcopenia had higher MIS scores, suggesting that their nutritional status was relatively poor. Insufficient nutrient intake can cause multi-system dysfunction in the body, which increases the risk of muscle reduction, falls, and mortality [40]. Adopting appropriate nutritional interventions can improve the adverse state of patients, promote the synthesis of muscle proteins, reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia, and delay its progression [41–44]. The MIS can reflect the nutritional status of non-diabetic patients undergoing MHD, which has clinical value in the treatment of sarcopenia.