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Aciclovir and Valaciclovir
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Renee-Claude Mercier, Gregory Mertz
Valaciclovir 1 g three times daily for 7 days and 50 mg of prednisone for 5 days followed by a 5-day taper led to better outcome in 56 patients with Bell’s palsy (idiopathic peripheral facial nerve paralysis) when compared with 56 retrospective controls who received no treatment (Axelsson et al., 2003). In a subsequent prospective, controlled trial, valaciclovir 0.5 g twice daily for 5 days plus prednisolone 60 mg daily for 5 days followed by a 5-day taper was significantly more effective than prednisolone alone in patients with Bell’s palsy (Hato et al., 2007). All patients also received mecobalamin for 6 months or until resolution of paralysis, and patients with virologic evidence of zoster sine herpete (8% of the total) were excluded from the analysis (Hato et al., 2007). However, in a similar study of Bell’s palsy that did not exclude patients with VZV (zoster sine herpete), treatment with valaciclovir 500 mg twice daily with prednisolone 60 mg daily for 5 days followed by a 5-day taper was no more effective than prednisolone alone (Kawaguchi et al., 2007). In this study, however, there was a trend toward higher rates of recovery in patients with HSV-1 reactivation who were treated with valaciclovir plus prednisolone when compared with treatment with prednisolone alone.
High intensity focused ultrasound treatment for adenomyosis: comparison of efficacy based on MRI features
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Yi Zhao, Shuang Luo, Yanglu Liu, Yuchun He, Xiaofang Liu, Huang Guohua, Jia He
Safety is always a main concern of HIFU treatment. In this study, 229 patients successfully completed HIFU treatment, and the incidence of was 23.79%. All were classified as grade A-B based on SIR classification. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of grade A and grade B among different groups. No serious of grade C–F occurred. The incidence of grade A was 22.47%, among which the incidence of lower abdominal pain was 11.45%, sacrococcygeal pain was 3.08%, and vaginal discharge was 2.2%. The incidence of grade B was 1.32%, which was lower than the results of Lee et al. [5]. In this study, leg pain occurred in two patients after HIFU who had a large lesion and located in the posterior wall of the uterus. Their treatment time and dose were greater than the median level. After HIFU, mecobalamin and vitamin B12 was administered, and the symptoms gradually improved in 2 weeks. One patient with type I adenomyosis developed fever, chills, lower abdominal pain after HIFU, and the highest body temperature was 39.3 °C. Combined with specialized physical examination and auxiliary examination, the inflammatory reaction caused by the necrotic lesion tissue in the absorption was considered, and the patient was given anti-inflammatory rehydration and other treatments. On the 11th day after the operation, the above symptoms were completely relieved.
Gastroparesis syndromes: emerging drug targets and potential therapeutic opportunities
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2023
Le Yu Naing, Matthew Heckroth, Prateek Mathur, Thomas L Abell
Mosapride is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It is a prokinetic agent mostly used for gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, and it improves delayed gastric emptying. It is mostly used in Asian countries and South America for functional dyspepsia and is not currently available in the US. The Japan Mosapride Mega-Study (JMMS) in 2012 showed that a two-week treatment of mosapride significantly improved gastric stasis and epigastric pain[44]. A recent meta-analysis showed that mosapride was superior to placebo in improving gastric emptying time in patients with diabetic gastroparesis, but there was no statistically significant difference between mosapride and domperidone. The efficacy of mosapride combined with domperidone or mecobalamin was higher than mosapride alone[45]. However, another meta-analysis showed no statistically significant effect of mosapride on functional dyspepsia compared to placebo[46]. A randomized controlled trial of mosapride added to chronic hepatitis C treatment with pegylated interferon α-2b and ribavirin showed that the mosapride added group had total and distal gastric motility improvement in solid phase gastric emptying half-times within four weeks after the therapy compared to the control group.
The effect of intravenous ginkgolide on clinical improvement of patients with acute ischemic stroke
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Yi Dong, Huiqin Li, Qiang Dong
Ginkgolide (Baiyu®) is consisted with two major components, includes ginkgoid and bilobalide. Early in-vitro studies found that ginkgolide injection could inhibit platelet aggregation and that the antagonism of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation was superior to that of aspirin and clopidogrel [35,36]. Clinically, ginkgolide has been reported the potential efficacy in the treatment of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction, recanalization of occluded basilar arteries and treatment of acute ischemic stroke when given in combination with alteplase (within the thrombolysis time window) [37,38]. Bilobalide has been reported as neuroprotection, maintains the integrity of vascular endothelial cells, promotes angiogenesis and inhibits microglia [39], and numerous studies have demonstrated that bilobalide can attenuate infarct volume, cerebral edema, neuronal damage and neurologic deficits [40,41]. Clinically, a combination of bilobalide with mecobalamin might be associated with a better outcome in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy than mecobalamin alone [42].