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Tribal and Indigenous Knowledge in West Africa: The Use of Food Plants in the Management of Diabetes
Published in David R. Katerere, Wendy Applequist, Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, Chamunorwa Togo, Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for the Modern Era, 2019
Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, David R. Katerere
Plant seeds, nuts, and oils are commonly used in West Africa either as condiments in soups and stews or as soups alone. West African adults over the age of 20 years consume 16.3 g/day of nuts and seeds compared to the global amount of 8.9 g/day, according to Misha et al. (2015). In that study, only 15 West African edible seeds were found to have been validated scientifically for their use in the management of diabetes. These include seeds of Telfaria occidentalis, Cucumeropsis mannii, Parkia biglobosa, and Irvingia gabonensis, which are commonly used as condiments in soups within the region, while others, such as Cola nitida, Garcinia kola, and Elaeis guineensis, are eaten raw. Plant seeds contain chemical constituents such as trigonelline, charantin, and ferrulic acid, which have been shown to play a role in the treatment and management of diabetes (Joseph and Jini 2013). With the exception of Momordica charantia, very little information exists in the literature about the potential of chemical constituents present in West African seed and nut food plants as antidiabetic agents.
Current research and future hope
Published in G. Michael Steelman, Eric C. Westman, Obesity, 2016
Greenway Frank L., R. Smith Steven
Cissus quadrangularis is a commonly used folk medicine in India, Africa, and Asia for a variety of purposes. Oben et al. (55–57) have published three papers on the use of C. quadrangularis for the treatment of obesity in humans. The first study (55) compared C. quadrangularis standardized to 2.5% phytosterols and 15% soluble plant fibers combined with green tea extract (22% epigallocatechin gallate and 40% caffeine), niacin-bound chromium, selenium (0.5% L-selenomethionine), pyridoxine, folic acid, and cyanocobalamin compared to placebo in a double-blind trial with 123 subjects. In this 8-week study, obese subjects lost 7.2% of initial body weight compared to 2.5% for placebo and 6.3% for the overweight subjects (P < 0.05). Body fat and waist circumference were also reduced (P < 0.01). There were significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and glucose and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to placebo (55). The second study (56) compared C. quadrangularis standardized to 5% ketosteroids to placebo in 64 obese subjects. The placebo group gained 1% of initial body weight over 6 weeks compared to a loss of 4% in the C. quadrangularis group. Adverse events were greater in the placebo group. The third study (57), C. quadrangularis standardized to 2.5% ketosteroids (150 mg), was compared to C. quadrangularis with Irvingia gabonensis standardized to 7% albumin (250 mg) or a placebo given twice a day for 10 weeks. At the end of 10 weeks, the placebo group lost 2.1% of initial body weight compared to 8.8% in the C. quadrangularis group and 11.9% in the C. quadrangularis combined with I. gabonensis group. Both treatment groups lost more weight than placebo, and the combination group lost more weight than the group taking C. quadrangularis. There were corresponding changes in body fat, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and blood sugar. Thus, C. quadrangularis alone or in combination with I. gabonensis appears to be effective in the treatment of obesity. These findings await confirmation by an independent group.
Development and formulation of antidiabetic property of Anarcadium occidantale-based solid lipid microparticles
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Kingsley C. Eze, Calister E. Ugwu, Fimber S. Odo, George C. Njoku
Due to the availability of multiple versatile pharmaceutical-grade lipid excipients, lipid-based drug delivery systems have often been adopted to modulate drugs’ physical and biopharmaceutical properties. These excipients are also compatible with solid, liquid, and semisolid dosage forms (Kenechukwu et al. 2022). They also possess specific characteristics that make them attractive in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and enhance the biopharmaceutical properties of a formulation as well as its physical and chemical stability. Plants and animals have been previously explored as potential excipients for lipid-based formulations (Nakmode et al. 2022). Lipids from plants and animals are regarded as being superior to synthetic lipids as regards toxicity and biocompatibility. Despite having a sub-optimal chemical purity and specificity, they are more tolerable in vivo than synthetic fats (Devi and Agarwal 2019). Animal-based lipids can raise blood serum cholesterol, and as such, plant lipids are typically preferred for oral or parenteral drug delivery (Stuchlik and Zak 2002). One of the commonest plant lipids evaluated for drug delivery is Dika wax, an edible fat derived from the kernel of Irvingia gabonensis var. excelcia (Agubata et al. 2015). Irvingia gabonensis var. excelsa is a tropical tree belonging to the Irvingiaceae family. Dika wax is generally regarded as safe and has been used for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications (Ugwu et al. 2022). It has also been consumed locally in Africa for centuries.
The Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Jounghee Lee, Mei Chung, Zhuxuan Fu, Jihee Choi, Hae-Jeung Lee
One study did not clearly report which part (e.g., fruit, seed, or other) of Irvingia gabonensis was used (18) for preparation of the Irvingia gabonensis capsules. Therefore, the corresponding author was contacted to obtain the information.