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Dental Caries: Dietary and Microbiology Factors
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
William H. Bowen, Dowen Birkhed
Although sucrose is highly cariogenic, it would be a mistake to believe that all other carbohydrates are innocent in this respect. Several studies in animals have shown for example that glucose and fructose, and the mixture of these two sugars (invert sugar) are highly cariogenic.11,12,23 However, sucrose seems to be somewhat more cariogenic on smooth surfaces in rats if the animals are infected with S. mutans. Also in man, there are some indications that fructose and invert sugar give somewhat less caries than ordinary sugar.40,102 Most plaque pH measurements indicate that these sugars have the same cariogenic potential (Figure 4).65,85
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Chemical constituents — The plant consists mostly of sugar: melizitose 47.1%, sucrose 26.4%, and invert sugar 11.6%.61 The sugary secretion “manna” obtained from this plant is said to be collected in Persia and exported to India. There is no record of an Indian plant yielding this manna.
Metallic poisons *
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
General measures – Treat pulmonary edema (see p. 55). Treat shock (see p. 56). Give 10% calcium gluconate, 10 ml intravenously, to maintain serum calcium. Give 1–4 liters of 5% glucose in water or 10% invert sugar (Travert) in water intravenously daily until a high-carbohydrate diet can be given by mouth. Treat hepatic failure (see p. 75).
Food and beverages undermining elderly health: three food-based dietary guidelines to avoid or delay chronic diseases of lifestyle among the elderly in South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Gugulethu Moyo, Carin Napier, Wilna Oldewage-Theron
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines sugars as (a) intrinsic sugars that are present in the structure of fruits and vegetables by nature (fructose); (b) sugars that are present in dairy (lactose and galactose); (c) free sugars including monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods and beverages by the food industry or the consumer; and (d) sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates.37 Based on the definition by the WHO, it seems that the terms ‘free sugars’ and ‘added sugars’ are used interchangeably. Added sugars could be listed under different names on food labels, including brown sugar, corn sweetener, corn syrup, dextrose, fructose, glucose, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, invert sugar, lactose, malt, syrup, maltose, molasses, raw sugar, sucrose, trehalose and turbinado sugar.38 Foods with intrinsic sugars generally have more favourable nutrient profiles compared with those with added sugars that are added to foods during processing and preparation including mostly foods (e.g. jam, biscuits, cake, sweets, chocolates, sweetened breakfast cereals) and beverages (e.g. carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages, sweetened fruit and dairy drinks, fruit-flavoured squashes) higher in energy and lower in nutrient density.39
Green isolation and physical modification of pineapple stem waste starch as pharmaceutical excipient
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Annisa Rahma, Melissa Adriani, Puji Rahayu, Raymond R. Tjandrawinata, Heni Rachmawati
The purity of the starch was evaluated by determining the total starch content according to ASEAN Manual of Food Analysis 2011 [17]. The sample was hydrolized with hydrochloric acid (3% v/v) using a reflux apparatus. The hydrolysate was cooled down, neutralized by sodium chloride, filtrated, and made up to 500 mL with deionized water. A 10 mL aliquot of the mixture was treated with Luff solution with the following condition: heating for 3 min using a heater, boiling for 10 min in a reflux condenser, and cooling on an ice bath. The solution was then mixed with sulfuric acid (25% w/v) and potassium iodide (20% w/v), followed by titration with thiosulfate as the titrant and copper blue as the indicator. The amount of sugars (glucose, fructose, and inverted sugar) was determined based on the volume of tiosulphate used in the titration. The total starch content was determined using Equation (1),
Ibuprofen-loaded centrifugally spun microfibers for quick relief of inflammation in rats
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Amjad Hussain, Fahad Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Arshad, Nasir Abbas, Sidra Nasir, Jahanzeb Mudassir, Faisal Mahmood, Ejaz Ali
The development of olanzapine and piroxicam-loaded sucrose fibers by CMS spinning technique has produced laudable results in terms of quicker dissolution rate of these BCS class II drugs [19]. In another study, drug-loaded fibers were produced by centrifugal melt spinning for bioavailability enhancement of oxcarbazepine demonstrated noteworthy improvement [8]. The amorphous state of sucrose in these microfibers provides the textural attributes required for higher solubility and dissolution rates of drugs [20]. However, due to the enormous surface area and hygroscopic nature of these sucrose-based drug-loaded micro fibers, they tend to take up moisture from the environment resulting in recrystallization and structural collapse [21]. However, no effect of moisture-induced recrystallization of fibers on the dissolution rate of drugs has been reported [19]. Though this recrystallization process can be avoided/slowed either using the invert sugar (instead of sucrose) [22], co-milling with polymeric excipients [23] or incorporation of a ternary component like a hydrophilic polymer (PVP) [24]. Therefore, sucrose-based microfibers can be used for the development of quick release formulations especially for poorly soluble drugs like ibuprofen. The aim of present study was to develop stable, amorphous, ibuprofen loaded micro-fibrous solid dispersion with improved dissolution rate and hence early therapeutic action of the drug. Such formulation of ibuprofen will provide quick relief from inflammatory condition which will also be demonstrated in this study using in vivo animal study. Although these formulations when administered will deliver high dose of sugar to the body, however, as the target was to develop pediatric formulation, therefore this sugar will not harm such population.