China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Patient autonomy and criminal law
Published in Paweł Daniluk, Patient Autonomy and Criminal Law, 2023
There were prisoners who went on hunger strike in the 1980s and in 1990. Their position in the authorities created such uncertainty that on 14 December 1990 the Ministry of Justice set up a working party to investigate the matter. The working group's assessment of the current legal situation did not differ much from the National Medical Board's position described above. There was no legal obligation for a prisoner on hunger strike capable of forming a valid will to the refusal, although the application of the necessity provision of the Penal Code on the justifying ground for exempting liability was considered possible when a person's life or health was immediately and seriously endangered as a result of refusing food. The working party's report further considered that strengthening the patient's right to self-determination by the proposed Patient Act should preclude the application of the necessity provision and that reform of fundamental and human rights provisions would strengthen the individual's right to self-determination and physical integrity.17
Personal Weight Loss Strategies in Obesity
Published in Emily Crews Splane, Neil E. Rowland, Anaya Mitra, Psychology of Eating, 2019
Emily Crews Splane, Neil E. Rowland, Anaya Mitra
The practice of fasting is the voluntary abstinence from consuming food (and in some cases even beverages) for an extended period of time. Many religious traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism have cultural practices which involve fasting. Fasting or hunger strike has also been used as a form of civil disobedience, in which people fast as a form of political protest (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi; Indian activist and leader of the Indian Independence movement).
Magnitude of the problem
Published in Kathleen M Berg, Dermot J Hurley, James A McSherry, Nancy E Strange, ‘Rose’, Eating Disorders, 2018
Eating disorders are modern clinical concepts based on diagnostic criteria of relatively recent origin. It is, therefore, difficult to make retrospective diagnoses except in unusually well-documented cases since the kind of medical assessment that would exclude other conditions is not available. However, it is highly likely that eating disorders, or at least instances of prolonged food refusal with binge eating and self-induced vomiting, were well established, if poorly understood, features of the health landscape long before Sir William Gull coined the term ‘anorexia nervosa’ in 1873 (Gull, 1874). Society has from time to time interpreted food refusal in a variety of ways and developed responses that have been appropriate to contemporary knowledge about health and the human psyche. Indeed, the 19th century appears to have marked a cultural divide when fasting became a medical problem rather than, as anorexia mirabilis, an object of awe and an important sign of piety. Additionally, ‘hunger strikes’ are a time-honored means of social protest or civil disobedience.
Secret Penetrabilities: Embodied Coloniality, Gendered Violence, and the Racialized Policing of Affects
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2021
Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Abeer Otman, Rasmieyh R. Abdelnabi
Another example of counterpenetration is the act of 22-year-old Jenna, a Palestinian woman who was held in military custody and interrogated for two weeks, as soldiers tried to extract information out of her with the threat of “secret information.” But she used her body, a mode of corporal refusal, to resist all their attempts by refusing to eat and speak to the interrogator. She explained: He kept on telling me that for the past two years they collected information about our political activities, including the dissemination of pamphlets against the Israeli military. They pushed me, handcuffed me, and left me all night sitting on a chair. This caused major pain to my body, but I stayed silence, not a word. I used my eyes, gazing over them like I didn’t care. This is why I ended up in prison for eight months. But their “secret information” did not scare me, nor their unending terror tactics, or when they showed the photos from their “secret agents.” They did not break me and today, eight years after my imprisonment, I feel the pain and suffer from nightmares. But I also feel strongly about our power as rights holders. My brother-in-law almost died while on a hunger strike. But our existence, bodies, love for our homeland, and collectivity are our secret weapon.
Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2020
Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo, Franziska Grundler, Cesare R. Sirtori, Massimiliano Ruscica
Whereas the metabolic switch and the changes in signalling pathways above described also apply at the beginning of LF, the question is whether these effects persist, decrease or increase in the course of LF. Evidently, it will depend on the duration of fasting, the individual profile including age, nutritional and health status, as well as personal inclination for the procedure [89]. One of the first detailed scientific observations of a non-obese voluntary subject on total fasting ended safely after 31 days [16]. Other case reports of persons fasting during several weeks were published and brought stupefaction in the medical community and the public. Many Authors have stressed the well-being, the absence of hunger and lifted mood reported by fasting obese and non-obese subjects [90]. The human capacity to live without energy intake for periods of almost 40 days has been often reported in non-obese subjects during hunger strikes [91].
Working with the Complexity and Refusing to Simplify: Undocuqueer Meaning Making at the Intersection of LGBTQ and Immigrant Rights Discourses
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2018
The youth-led immigrant rights movement emerged from marches, hunger strikes, and actions of civil disobedience during the last two decades. In these efforts, undocumented youth came out of the shadows and jointly advocated for the passage of the federal Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act—a narrowly tailored bill that would allow eligible undocumented youth to legalize their status in the United States if they attended college or joined the military (Nicholls, 2013; Schwiertz, 2016; Wong et al., 2012). Despite the dangers involved in speaking out publicly, campaigns based on the speech tactic of coming out have been used as a fundamental mobilizing strategy and collective identification tool among undocumented youth, forcing Americans to put a face to the label (Corrunker, 2012; Seif, 2004, 2011). Despite the failure of the DREAM Act in 2010, the announcement of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) in 2012 reflected the power of undocumented youth organizing. DACA provided a qualified group of undocumented immigrants an opportunity to apply for temporary work permits and protection from deportation. It was a success championed by cultivating the notion of cultural Americanism (Unzueta Carrasco & Seif, 2014).