China
Africa
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Food selection
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Most people of western European origin would not consider dietary taboos to have any significant influence upon their food selection, but no society is completely free of dietary prohibitions. Roman Catholics in some countries and some Orthodox Christians are still advised to abstain from meat on Fridays especially during Lent and on Good Friday; fish has come to be traditionally associated with Fridays in predominantly Christian countries. In the UK, cannibalism is prohibited and the consumption of animals like cats, dogs and horses would result in widespread hostility and probably ostracism by other members of society. Most British people would not recognise these as taboos because they do not classify these creatures as potential food despite these being highly regarded as foods in some other countries. In France e.g. horsemeat has been widely eaten with some butchers specialising in the sale of horsemeat.
Introduction: threads, challenges and the context of working collaboratively in public health
Published in Dawne Gurbutt, Jonny Currie, Liz Anderson, Russell Gurbutt, E. Riesen, M. Morley, D. Clendinneng, S. Ogilvie, M.A. Murray, P. Thompson, Lucy Kululanga, Patricia Donovan, Weir Hannele, Collaborative Practice for Public Health, 2018
Nutrition and food safety is another important area which is only touched on in this text but holds central importance. This is an area in which the wide envelope of global public health agendas is rendered visible, from the initiatives to combat starvation and malnutrition in some parts of the world, to the efforts to tackle obesity in other countries. Add to this considerations around food security: ensuring crops thrive; debates on genetically modified foods; food safety including integrity of the food supply chain and managing contamination in the food supply (e.g. the recent horsemeat scandal in the UK, the BSE crisis in the UK); the politics of food and poverty (emergence of food banks in Western economies); or the issues around food waste. Globalisation also plays its part in the politics of food, from the slow food movement in Italy, attempting to resist the move away from traditional diets to fast food diets, with the accompanying effects of obesity, to the air miles associated with food provision, and the movement to considering transition towns which source materials from the local region. Thus food and nutrition are central to the public health agenda and could form the topic for a whole text on collaborative working. So this book does not cover all aspects of collaborative working in public health, but selects areas for consideration which illustrate the wider issues.
Food quality
Published in Pamela Mason, Tim Lang, Sustainable Diets, 2017
Although humans are omnivorous, they are not necessarily attracted or able to eat everything that may be edible. Understandably, people are suspicious of certain foods because of possible poisoning or risk of infection or other disease, but they also have food preferences or avoidances that are culturally and socially derived. In Britain and the United States, for example, horsemeat is regarded with some distaste, while in Germany, Switzerland and China it is consumed without a second thought. However, horsemeat did become a scandal in Europe when, in 2013, it was found to be being sold as beef by many reputable retailers.28,29 Commercial assurance schemes were seen to be thin. Also, despite the demise of older conceptions of ‘good taste’ in food, distinctions between social groups and classes in their preferences for food remain important, and tastes in food certainly become a badge of identity, a means of social orientation and a sense of place in society. Food sends signals. The question is: how could sustainable diets be seen as desirable?
Cannabis legalization, regulation, & control: a review of key challenges for local, state, and provincial officials
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2019
Jonathan P. Caulkins, Michelle L. Kilborn
At various times and for various reasons, governments have banned production and sale of certain consumer goods, including fireworks, some types of firearms, human organs, and horsemeat for human consumption. Dependence-inducing intoxicants have often been subject to such prohibitions.
Intraguild predation between Pristionchus pacificus and Caenorhabditis elegans: a complex interaction with the potential for aggressive behaviour
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Kathleen T. Quach, Sreekanth H. Chalasani
In addition to behavioural evidence, hypothalamic stimulation studies in cats have shown that that feeding and killing are separable on the neuroanatomical level. While some hypothalamic sites can elicit both predatory attack and eating (Hutchinson & Renfrew, 1966), stimulation of a particular site in the lateral hypothalamus in cats has been shown to selectively elicit predatory attack (Siegel & Brutus, 1990; Siegel & Pott, 1988; Siegel & Shaikh, 1997). In order to ascertain that this lateral hypothalamic site is indeed specifically dedicated to the attack aspect of predation, Flynn and associates conducted an exhaustive set of behavioural experiments in which they attempted to coax eating behaviour out of cats while they were stimulated (Flynn, 1967; Flynn, Vanegas, Foote, & Edwards, 1970; Polsky, 1975). First, researchers increased stimulation to the hypothalamic site that reliably induces a cat to attack a rat, finding that even the highest intensities could not induce most tested cats to eat their captured rat prey. Similarly, persistent stimulation duration past the point of attack did not lead to consummatory feeding after the predatory attack of a rat had already been evoked. Second, the researchers presented easily attainable non-prey food to reduce the effort needed to eat. When a dish of non-prey food was presented during stimulation, most cats attacked the dish but never consumed the food (Wasman & Flynn, 1962). When horsemeat is placed closer than an anaesthetized rat prey in relation to a cat, stimulation-induced most cats to pass over the horsemeat and attack the rat. Finally, the researchers increased motivation eat by starving cats for three days. The starved cats were then fed non-prey food and stimulated while eating. Amazingly, most of the cats halted eating of the non-prey food and proceeded to attack a nearby rat. Altogether, these cat studies indicate that a predatory attack site of the lateral hypothalamus exists that is functionally selective in influencing the attack component of predation and is neuroanatomically distinct from other neighbouring sites that influence eating or the predatory process as a whole. Combined with previously described behavioural experiments of muricide by rats, a strong body of evidence suggests that predatory attack is dissociable from feeding, thus opening up the possibility for the predatory attack to be applied for other functions, such as reducing competition.