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Hemp Oil in the Management of Pain, Inflammation, & Stress *
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Cannabinoid-rich hemp oil is an ideal choice to optimize the endocannabinoid system. Throughout the remainder of this chapter and the next part of this chapter we will discuss the justification for using hemp oil in a variety of clinical applications. The primary cannabinoid in hemp oil is CBD. However, it also contains other phytocannabinoids as well as terpenes, which work with CBD to support endocannabinoid system function and therefore make hemp oil uniquely suited to enhance areas of health regulated by the endocannabinoid system. The entourage effect—sometimes called the “hemptourage effect”—refers to the ability of other more minor components of hemp oil such as the terpenes to support the activity of its main player, CBD. For example, the terpenes limonene, pinene, and linalool can provide a complimentary action to CBD’s cognitive-enhancing abilities by improving mood.39 Pinene is also known to enhance mental clarity, thus acting synergistically to CBD.39 The entourage effect is a fascinating aspect of cannabinoid therapy, and Dr. Chris Meletis explores this effect in more detail in the ICCT medical certification program.
Cannabis nutrition
Published in Betty Wedman-St. Louis, Cannabis, 2018
The essential fatty acids in hemp seed oil make it an ideal source for energy production, oxygen transfer, hemoglobin production, membrane components, prostaglandin synthesis, growth, and cell division, according to Udo Erasmus, PhD, in Fats that Heal, Fats that Kill [13]. He further recommends hemp oil be substituted for other oils in food preparation except frying or high-heat uses. Hemp oil use in salad dressing, mashed potatoes, and mixed with olive oil is apparent in cannabis cookbooks and medical cannabis recipes such as those included in the appendix.
Cannabis, the Plant, and Its History With Humankind
Published in Jonathan C. Beazley, Stephanie Field, Cannabis on Campus, 2018
Jonathan C. Beazley, Stephanie Field
The necessity of cannabis’s cultivation to early humans, including its value as a food source, may have contributed to the rise of agriculture and thus civilization. Overshadowed by its other properties, the use of cannabis seeds as a source of food has often been underappreciated. The prevailing belief is that ingesting cannabis for nutrition long predates its psychoactive use.9 Hemp seeds have been eaten for millennia and are still a regular staple in the diets of rural India and sub-Saharan Africa. More recently, seeds, powders, and other non-psychoactive edible hemp products have become increasingly available in the health food sections of supermarkets. High in protein and rich in nutrients, hemp seeds contain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids as well as other important vitamins such as E and A. It has been written that Buddha once survived for a year solely on hemp seeds; it should be added that the story depicts him somehow managing this on only a few seeds a day.10 Along with hemp seeds, hemp oil derived from non-psychoactive plants can be used as food. In the past, hemp oil was also an important source of fuel for lamps.
Cannabidiol and Other Cannabinoids: From Toxicology and Pharmacology to the Development of a Regulatory Pathway
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Igor Koturbash, Douglas MacKay
Product safety, however, starts from responsible manufacturing and labeling. In their study, Gurley and colleagues investigated the CBD, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and synthetic cannabinoid content of 25 commercially available hemp oil products, obtained throughout the state of Mississippi (Gurley et al. 2020). The authors report that marked variability was observed between the actual CBD content and claimed quantities, as out of 25 products, only three were within ±20% of their label claim. Furthermore, THC content for three products exceeded the 0.3% legal limit and four products were adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that most product label claims did not accurately reflect actual CBD content, and thus were considered fraudulent. The authors express their concerns in regards to potential legal and adverse health effects associated with products that exceeded legal THC levels and/or were adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids. Gurley and colleagues advocate for further development of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) for CBD-containing products and their stringent enforcement (Gurley et al. 2020).
Differentiating Full-Spectrum Hemp Extracts from CBD Isolates: Implications for Policy, Safety and Science
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Osvaldo Marinotti, Miles Sarill
The CO2 extract is produced from fiber-type industrial hemp that is harvested by certified growers then dried and pelletized. European Union certified food and fiber industrial hemp types, varieties Futura 75 and Fedora 17, are used. Futura 75 is noted for its phenolic content, including constituents such as quercetin, rutin and epicatechin, and has been studied to effect the gut microbiome, antioxidant and inflammatory pathways (Ferrante et al. 2019). Supercritical CO2 extraction of industrial hemp seed, stalk and stem (aerial plant parts), yields an extract henceforth designated as raw hemp extract (Figure 2A). The raw hemp extract is decarboxylated by treatment at a specific temperature and time which converts the precursor molecule cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) into CBD, yielding an extract designated as decarboxylated hemp extract (Figure 2B). Finally, the decarboxylated hemp extract is distilled. The distillation process removes selected components such as chlorophyll, yielding the designated distilled hemp extract (Figure 2C). The process of decarboxylation and distillation brings the concentration of CBD in the raw hemp oil from approximately 10% (w/w) of the extracted material to 25%. Other constituents identified within this supercritical CO2 extract of fiber-type industrial hemp include essential fatty acids, vitamin E congeners including tocopherols and tocotrienols, plant sterols and terpenoids.
Tetrahydrocannabinol – friend or foe? – Debate
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Leslie Mendoza Temple, Jerrold B. Leikin
[Dr. Mendoza] Regarding dosing, I counsel patients start low and go slow. Titrate up over a series of weeks to achieve therapeutic effect with tolerable or minimal psychoactivity (and no driving while under the influence). Patients can also start with over-the-counter hemp oil which contains only CBD before trying medical cannabis. I counsel them on how much they may be spending on products. Employer drug screening tests will show up positive with recent or semi-recent use as well, jeopardizing employment.