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Glycerine in Creams, Lotions, and Hair Care Products
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
Harry [8, p. 90–91] states that the original “‘Glycerine and Rosewater” preparations for skin healing were oil-free mucilages consisting originally of equal parts of water and glycerine. Later, dilution was made to about 20–25% of the humectant. In order to keep the mucilage nature of the product, but reduce stickiness even more, the glycerine can be reduced still further, and gum tragacanth added to restore viscosity. Thus the following formulation is typical of gum mucilage preparations which contain no oil phase, says Harry.
Excepients for Phytodrugs
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
Gum Arabic in powder form is a good excipient. Gum Arabic imparts some hardness to the pills. Gum tragacanth is a good substitute for Gum Arabic. Wax, fat, oil, and creosote should be avoided with Gum Arabic. Acacia is mainly used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations as a suspending and emulsifying agent, often in combination with tragacanth. It is also used in the preparation of pastilles and lozenges and as a tablet binder.
Polysaccharide-Based Polymers in Cosmetics
Published in E. Desmond Goddard, James V. Gruber, Principles of Polymer Science and Technology in Cosmetics and Personal Care, 1999
E. Desmond Goddard, James V. Gruber
Gum tragacanth is, perhaps, the best characterized of the these commercial gums It is not a single gum, but is comprised of two, complex, highly branched polysaccharides: arabinogalactin, a water-soluble, neutral polysaccharide having a D- -galactose backbone, and tragacanthic acid, an anionic polysaccharide polyglycan based on α- D- -galacturonic acid. The tragacanthic acid backbone resembles the pectin polysaccharide backbone discussed in Section III.A.1.b.
De-esterified tragacanth-chitosan nano-hydrogel for methotrexate delivery; optimization of the formulation by Taguchi design
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Komail Sadrjavadi, Behzad Shahbazi, Ali Fattahi
Gum tragacanth is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, which is comprised of an acidic water-swellable major component, bassorin, and a water-soluble component, tragacanthin. Tragacanth, as a natural gum, has the mentioned advantages for biopolymers but has the limitations of low water solubility and the possibility of forming only weak water-insoluble gels. In order to overcome these typical limitations of tragacanth, de-esterified tragacanth (DET) has been prepared by Fattahi et al. [2]. DET is a water-soluble analog of tragacanth gum that contains a highly branched, high molecular weight de-acetylated tragacanthic acid. It possesses the ability to form stable gels by the ionotropic complex with positive charge polymers like chitosan and cationic metal ions such as zinc and iron [2,6]. Regarding the properties of DET, it could be a proper polymer to produce hydrogels with complex coacervation process together with a positively charged polymer e.g. chitosan.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems: a promising noninvasive approach to bioavailability enhancement. Part II: formulation considerations
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Radha Kulkarni, Suraj Fanse, Diane J. Burgess
One of the earliest reports of MDDS dates back to 1947 in a study conducted at the Naval Training Center in San Diego, California. At that time, penicillin solution was used topically to treat oral infections. However, the treatment was limited due to the low retention time of the drug at the site of action. Gum tragacanth was added in an attempt to increase drug retention and consequently improve treatment efficacy [10]. Following this, there was a marked increase in the number of mucoadhesive formulations in the next three decades. Notably, most of the early formulations were topical and designed to increase the drug residence time at the application site. However, the use of MDDS as controlled drug delivery systems for systemic administration gained traction over time. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed a surge in exploratory studies conducted to understand mucoadhesion mechanisms and investigate polymer interactions with the mucus layer, further enhancing their versatility [11–13]. In 1989, Seattone and coworkers published a study that explored polyacrylic acid and hyaluronic acid as potential vehicles for ocular delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed increased mucoadhesion for both polymers as well as increased retention of the polymer solutions in the eye [14]. One of the first reports on using mucoadhesive polymers for improving peptide absorption via nasal, buccal and oral routes was published in 1990 [15]. Additionally, in the 1990s, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems started gaining wider popularity and acceptance, and their applications in MDDS were explored for delivering challenging molecules (such as proteins and peptides) via transmucosal routes. The surfaces of the nanoparticulate systems were modified through coating with mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan polyacrylic acid and sodium alginate, which showed a significant increase in intestinal retention and excellent mucopenetrating properties. This modification increased the transmucosal absorption of the model peptide (insulin) compared to the non-modified nanoparticulate systems [16].