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Raynaud's Phenomenon
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil, may reduce symptoms in individuals with primary Raynaud's, according to one study. Fish oil did not reduce symptoms in people who had secondary Raynaud's. Patients should consult their doctor before taking fish oil, especially if they already take blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), or aspirin.2
Naturopathic Medicine and the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
There are many studies on fish oil supplementation and increased fish intake for the treatment of blood pressure for medicated and unmedicated hypertensive patients. Some studies show modest reductions in blood pressure. In a recent meta-analysis of 17 studies, researchers concluded that reductions in SBP of 2.56 mmHg and DBP of 1.47 mmHg were found with fish oil supplementation. Varying doses of fish oil including DHA and EPA were used in this analysis. Although a small reduction in blood pressure was found, the researchers state that a 2 mmHg reduction in SBP can lower mortality by 10% for strokes and mortality by 7% for ischemic heart disease.86 Typical doses for fish oil are to provide a dosage of EPA+DHA of 1,000–2,000 daily. Side effects may include burping and abdominal discomfort.
Animal Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Briefly, for major health outcomes among adults, the vast majority of epidemiological studies have proven that the benefits of fish intake exceed the potential risks, excepting a few cases in sensitive populations such as pregnant women. Many people in the world such as Inuit, Japanese, and Mediterranean populations have less incidence of cardiovascular diseases than others because their favorite foods are seafood. The use of fish oil or omega-3 supplements cannot replace the intake of fish meat because these supplements do not contain other necessary nutrients present in fish meat. However, excessive intake of fish and shellfish, especially fish oil supplement, can increase bleeding risks like epistaxis and cerebral hemorrhage, or cause hypoglycemia or hypotension, as observed in Inuit peoples who only eat seafood.
Age Drives the Differences in Dietary Supplement Use in Endurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cyclists, Runners, and Triathletes
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Austin J. Graybeal, Andreas Kreutzer, Jada L. Willis, Kamiah Moss, Robyn Braun-Trocchio, Meena Shah
The positive association between age and use of DS in athletes (6) is therefore unsurprising given the belief that some DS may alleviate these decrements. For instance, omega-3 supplementation and using DS to alleviate joint pain are commonly reported in older adults (23), coinciding with evidence supporting that fish oil supplementation reduces osteoarthritis-specific pain in this group (24). OA may also benefit from planned electrolyte supplementation, given that strenuous exercise and compounding age-related declines in kidney function may lead to more severe imbalances (25). For sports-specific DS, studies show that products such as protein supplements and beta-alanine improve endurance exercise in older adults (26). Thus, it appears that OA have distinct dietary needs (27) and more so now, given recent findings showing that masters athletics is becoming increasingly more competitive (28, 29). Moreover, higher training hours in endurance sports are associated with greater use of DS compared to non-endurance sports such as sprinting (30, 31). However, there are few established DS shown to improve endurance performance (6) and the prevalence of DS in most common endurance events is unknown. Additional insight to the use of dietary supplements in older endurance athletes will further develop the knowledge about patterns of use for DS in a sample of competitive endurance athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the: (a) use of DS, (b) motivation for use of DS, (c) sources of information for DS, and (d) if these differ by age in endurance athletes who were cyclists, runners, or triathletes.
Fish oil and chicoric acid combination protects better against palmitate-induced lipid accumulation via regulating AMPK-mediated SREBP-1/FAS and PPARα/UCP2 pathways
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Mohammad Mohammadi, Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir, Nasrin Ziamajidi
Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in which the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. From here on, we use the term “fish oil” to refer to mixture of EPA plus DHA, unless noted otherwise. There is growing evidence that fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects on many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular (AbuMweis et al.2018), diabetes (Chen et al.2015), asthma (Best et al.2016), and NAFLD, as mentioned earlier (Chen et al.2018). Of note, increased fish oil intake is inversely associated with all-cause mortality among general population (Chen et al.2016). However, the mechanism of action of EPA in reducing all-cause mortality is probably due to its anti-inflammatory effects (Miura et al.2016). Although the exact mechanism of action of PUFAs on lipid metabolism is not yet fully understood, it seems that PUFAs affect both lipogenesis and lipolysis by targeting key transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) (Tai and Ding 2010).
Dietary supplements and bleeding
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Jess Hatfield, Saadeddine Saad, Chad Housewright
Fish oil, ginseng, and saw palmetto were thought to be associated with bleeding, by bench research or low-level clinical evidence, but have since been shown in RCTs to have no association with bleeding. There are many case reports of fish oil associated with bleeding, and multiple RCTs have shown that fish oil has antiplatelet effects40; however, multiple RCTs have shown that these antiplatelet effects do not translate to increased bleeding.40 Additionally, a retrospective cohort study of 573 patients showed no interaction between fish oil and warfarin.41 Finally, a large RCT involving 25,871 participants showed no excess risks of bleeding associated with fish oil.42 As with fish oil, there are many case reports of the various types of ginseng associated with bleeding events and procoagulation events.7,43–45 However, RCTs have shown that ginseng does not affect31 or decreases46 warfarin’s anticoagulant effect, and a case-crossover study showed no association between ginseng and bleeding.47 Similarly to fish oil and ginseng, many case reports have also associated saw palmetto with increased bleeding6; however, two RCTs showed that saw palmetto does not increase perioperative bleeding in prostate resection surgery.48,49