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Vitamin Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body because they dissolve in water. Therefore, frequent intake of these vitamins is needed because they become depleted more rapidly, and supplementation is less likely to result in toxicity. Table 9.3 reviews the function, needs and sources of the water-soluble vitamins. Table 9.4 summarizes biochemical diagnostic tests and treatment of water-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
A diabetic with diarrhoea
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Vitamins are either water soluble (B-complex and C) or fat soluble (A, D, E and K). Water-soluble vitamins are more rapidly turned over, and are less readily stored than fat-soluble vitamins, which are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
An Overview of Molecular Nutrition
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Vincent W. Li, Catherine Ward, Delaney K. Schurr
Vitamins: Vitamins are categorized into water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. As the names imply, water-soluble vitamins dissolve into water, and fat-soluble vitamins dissolve into fat. These differences can have a large impact on how well the body absorbs them. Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed through the intestinal membrane, whereas fat-soluble vitamins need to cross the membrane inside fat globules. Because of this, the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins can be greatly increased by taking them with a meal containing a source dietary fat.
Retinoic acid (all-trans) presents antioxidant properties within human ovary and reduces progesterone production by human granulosa cells
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Bruno M. Fonseca, Rebeca Cruz, Beatriz Pinto, Lia Costa, Eduarda Felgueira, Pedro Oliveira, Susana Casal, Irene Rebelo
It is now generally believed that atRA is the form of vitamin A that supports both male and female reproduction as well as embryonic development. Here, we evidenced that within human ovary, these vitamins are critical for hormonal regulation. Particularly vitamin A should be highly regulated as increased concentrations may negatively affect GCs viability, and thus oocyte development. Several published reports have identified dietary, demographic and lifestyle variables that affect serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in adults. However, there are few published data of this nature on women of reproductive age. The association of FF vitamin A, vitamin E and carotenoids with health outcomes among women undergoing ART as influencing factors should be carefully considered when analyzing and interpreting data and subsequent conclusions about diet/health relationships. We demonstrate that vitamin A is involved in FF homeostasis, suggesting the existence of a close functional correlation between follicular protein and micronutrients. Therefore, dietary intake can severely affect follicular physiology.
Patterns of Nutritional Supplement Use in Children with Tourette Syndrome
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Bobbie L. Smith, Amanda K. Ludlow
A significant number of caregivers of children with TS did not inform their general practitioner or pediatrician of their child’s supplement and/or special diet use. Although children taking medication informed their general practitioner of their supplement use more often, this remains problematic for many reasons and the combination of dietary changes and medication needs to be considered. For example, in children with ASD, it has been found that they rarely need most of the micronutrients they are commonly given as supplements, leading to an excess intake (16). Furthermore, consumption of unregulated supplements can have adverse effects, such as an overdose of fat-soluble vitamins and hepatotoxicity. It is especially important as some products do not list ingredients in contrast to regulations (38).
Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2022
Jiří Janoušek, Veronika Pilařová, Kateřina Macáková, Anderson Nomura, Jéssica Veiga-Matos, Diana Dias da Silva, Fernando Remião, Luciano Saso, Kateřina Malá-Ládová, Josef Malý, Lucie Nováková, Přemysl Mladěnka
Although vitamins D2 and D3 differ significantly in terms of the production of active metabolites, they possess equivalent intestinal absorption efficiency [8,89,91]. Most data suggest that the food matrix has no significant effect on this parameter but there are other several factors that may affect vitamin D bioavailability [12]. Some drugs used to inhibit lipid absorption may impair vitamin D absorption, for example, the anti-obesity drug orlistat [92]. Plant phytosterols also compete with vitamin D for micelle incorporation and apical uptake in the intestine [93]. Similarly, other fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and K may compete with vitamin D during absorption. The interaction between absorption of vitamin D and vitamin E was confirmed by Reboul et al. [89]. As proteins are involved in vitamin D absorption, genetic mutations may also affect this process. Specifically, mutations in the gene promoter may affect the protein expression [94] and mutations in amino acid sequence may affect the protein activity [95].