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The Integrative Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Prevention Program
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
The EPA to DHA ratio should be 3:2. The gamma linolenic acid (GLA) dose should be at 50% of the total dose of DHA and EPA (1:2 ratio). The gamma/delta tocopherol at 100 mg per 1000 mg DHA/EPA/GLA with no more than 20% as alpha tocopherol. GLA converts to DGLA which is anti-inflammatory. GLA depletes DHA and EPA. EPA and DHA deplete GLA.
The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce CHD and MI [150]; increase eNOS and NO; improve endothelial function; reduce arterial stiffness; decrease PWV, insulin resistance and plasma norepinephrine; suppress angiogenin converting enzyme (ACE) activity; and increase parasympathetic tone at doses of 900–3,000 mg daily [2–14,135,143,146]. The recommended daily dose is 3,000–5,000 mg/day of combined DHA and EPA in a ratio of three parts EPA to two parts DHA with 50% of this dose as GLA combined with gamma/delta tocopherol at 100 mg/g of DHA and EPA to get the RBC membrane and omega-3 index at 8% [2–5]. There are no adverse effects or safety concerns at these recommended doses [2–14].
Selection Considerations for Membranes and Models for In Vitro/Ex Vivo Permeation Studies
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Pei-Chin Tsai, Tannaz Ramezanli, Dina W. Ameen, Sonia Trehan, Nathaly Martos, Zheng Zhang, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
The use of viable skin allowed studying prodrug percutaneous absorption. Mavon et al.15 compared the cutaneous permeation and metabolism of new vitamin E prodrug, delta-tocopherol glucoside to that of vitamin E acetate using viable human skin. The skin used in this study was obtained from plastic surgery (abdominoplasty) and was maintained with a defined medium and remained viable for 72 hours. The viable skin was able to bioconvert delta-tocopherol glucoside to free tocopherol during the cutaneous permeation process whereas no metabolism was detected for vitamin E acetate. Therefore, the prodrug form of vitamin E was suggested to be an excellent antioxidant candidate for skin formulations.
First report on the presence of aflatoxins in fig seed oil and the efficacy of adsorbents in reducing aflatoxin levels in aqueous and oily media
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Tocopherols were determined according to the AOCS Official Method Ce 8–89 (AOCS 2009) with a slight modification. Briefly, 0.25 g of fig seed oil sample was diluted with 1 ml of 2-propanol, filtered through a microfilter with a pore size of 0.45 µm (Chromafil Xtra PTFE-45/25, Macherey-Nagel, Duren, Germany) and injected to the HPLC. Analytical column was Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (Agilent Technologies, 250 mm × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm particle diameter, Santa Clara, USA), column temperature was 25 °C and the injection volume was 20 µL. The mobile phase was HPLC grade methanol with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 289 nm for alpha-tocopherol and 297 nm for delta-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol using a photodiode array detector (Shimadzu SPD-M20A, Kyoto, Japan). Standard solutions of alpha-, delta- and gamma-tocopherols were separately prepared in ethanol using analytical standards of these compounds (Supelco, Sigma-Aldrich, Bellefonte, CA, USA) and 6-point calibration curves (0.25–25 mg/L for alpha-tocopherol, 1–50 mg/L for delta-tocopherol and 5–500 mg/L for gamma-tocopherol) were drawn. Quantification of the tocopherols in the samples was performed using these curves.