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From Designer Food Formulation to Oxidative Stress Mitigation: Health-Boosting Constituents of Cabbage
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, The Role of Phytoconstitutents in Health Care, 2020
Faiza Ashfaq, Masood Sadiq Butt, Ahmad Bilal, Kanza Aziz Awan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
It is documented that almost ½ cup of raw and cooked red cabbage can provide correspondingly 20–25 mg of vitamin C, protecting from lipid peroxidation by-products and oncogenic events [14, 112]. Moreover, dehydroascorbic acid is considered as the dominant form of vitamin C in cabbage, i.e., almost 4 times to that of ascorbic acid [120]. Red cabbage possesses more vitamin C than oranges and fulfills 61% of vitamin K requirement and 20% of the RDA of vitamin A along with healthy amounts of vitamin B5, B6 and B1[43].
Role of Vitamin C in Chronic Wound Healing
Published in Qi Chen, Margreet C.M. Vissers, Vitamin C, 2020
Juliet M. Pullar, Margreet C.M. Vissers
Vitamin C (ascorbate) is best described as a water-soluble electron donor. This reducing capacity forms the basis for all of its known biological activities. It can consecutively undergo two one-electron oxidations to form ascorbate radical and dehydroascorbate, which can both be reduced back to ascorbate, either enzymatically or by glutathione [32]. The oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid, has a half-life of about 15 minutes at 37°C due to irreversible hydrolysis of the ring in which 2,3-diketogulonic acid is formed [33]. This means that as vitamin C is metabolized, some of it is lost, and so a regular dietary source is required to maintain body levels, or the deficiency disease scurvy will result.
Basic Facts about Micronutrients
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Vitamin C: Vitamin C is commercially sold as ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, and time-release capsules containing ascorbic acid and vitamin C-ester. Vitamin C is present in all cells. Ascorbic acid is converted to dehydroascorbic acid, which can be reduced to form vitamin C. It is interesting to note that dehydroascorbic acid can cross blood-brain barrier, but vitamin C cannot. All mammals make vitamin C except guinea pigs. An adult goat makes about 13 grams of vitamin C every day. The plasma level of vitamin C may not reflect the tissue levels of vitamin C, but in humans, it is difficult to obtain tissues for determining vitamin C. Vitamin C can recycle oxidized vitamin E to its reduced form, which acts as an antioxidant.
L-Ascorbic acid and phosphatidylcholine complex vesicles: formation and elucidation of their biological activities, and their molecular interactions
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Thapakorn Tree-Udom, Chalermrat Simavong, Prapasiri Phetklung, Kanjanaporn Chompoonuch, Sagaw Prateepchinda, Supatchaya Jaemsai, Andrew William King, Oraphan King
L-ascorbic acid (AA) is an abundant antioxidant in human skin however humans are unable to produce AA due to a lack of the enzyme L-glucono-gamma lactone oxidase and must acquire it from the environment (Al-Niaimi and Chiang 2017). AA is the well-known biologically active form of vitamin C which is a water-soluble vitamin (Sheraz et al.2011) with an antioxidant function that neutralises reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated on exposure to sunlight (Shindo et al.1994). ROS are involved in cancer, ageing, and many inflammatory skin disorders (Cross 1987). Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental factor that promote melanin production regulated by the tyrosinase enzyme. AA can protect the skin against UVA-dependent melanogenesis through the improvement of its antioxidant defense capacity (Panich et al.2011). AA can also be used as a depigmenting agent in cosmeceutical applications (Panich et al.2011). However, AA in aqueous media undergoes oxidative degradation due to its ionisation (Heber et al.2006). The destruction product of AA is called dehydroascorbic acid which is not an active form of AA. High levels of the dehydroascorbic acid can damage a number of biological processes and affect health adversely (Abramsson-Zetterberg 1996).
The Safe Soluble Compound Dehydroascorbic Acid Inhibits Various Upstream and Downstream Effectors of PI3K and KRAS Signaling Pathways in Undruggable PIK3CA/KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Fahimeh Kalbkhani, Ali Pirnejad, Sohrab Sam, Mohammad Reza Sam
It has been shown that oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA and KRAS genes are associated with metabolic reprogramming with the upregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and a glycolytic phenotype in CRC (23,24). Hence, GLUT1 may provide an ideal target for drug delivery into PIK3CA/KRAS-mutant CRCSCs. GLUTs are expressed in high levels on the tumor cell membrane and are responsible to uptake glucose into the cells (25). Interestingly, L-dehydroascorbic acid (L-DHA) an oxidized form of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) which is structurally similar to glucose (Fig. 1) can be taken up into cells via the GLUTs (25). Vitamin C is a safe soluble compound with six-carbon ketolactone and antiglycolytic activity (23). This vitamin is an essential dietary micronutrient for humans which should be taken externally. Vitamin C plays a cofactor role, as a reducing agent, in various enzymatic reactions and shows high potential to react with oxidized free radicals acting as an antioxidant (26).
Influence of maternal labor time on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase enzyme activity and markers of oxidative stress in newborns
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2019
Silmara Ana Vendrame, Leidiane de Lucca, Hellen Lopes de Paula, Carolina dos Santos Stein, Monique Soares Paz, Tatiana Frehner Kavalco, Francisco Maximiliano Pancich Gallarreta, Rafael Noal Moresco, Thissiane de Lima Gonçalves
If oxidative stress exceeds the protective capacity of the first line of antioxidant defense, vitamins may be needed [21]. Studies suggest that dehydroascorbic acid crosses the placenta through passive diffusion, where it is reduced by fetal erythrocytes to L-ascorbic acid and becomes trapped in the fetal circulation [24]. However, the mechanism by which dehydroascorbic acid passes from the mother to the fetus is challenged, and its passage through sodium-independent glucose transporters (GLUT 1 and GLUT 3) is suggested, however, this mechanism is questionable because the affinity of GLUTs for dehydroascorbic acid is low [25]. More recent studies suggest that adequate expression of the sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transporter (SVCT2) receptor allows an adequate transfer of ascorbic acid, ensuring the development of the fetus since the mother is the only source of vitamin C for fetal development [26]. Vitamin C in newborns can have a dual function: assist in the synthesis of collagen and protect cells against oxidative instillation with extra vitamin C [24], as can be observed in the longer DOL relative to shorter DOL (Figure 2(C)). FRAP together with vitamin C can act together (Table 2), reducing iron, which is higher in free form in newborns [7], and with this, to combat more intensely oxidative stress.