China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Role of Nanostructures in Inhibition and Treatment of Viral Infections
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Pavani Sanapala, Sudhakar Pola
Cyclodextrin derivatives are nanometric materials composed of alpha-1–4 cyclic linkage glucopyranose oligomers. Cyclodextrin is generally of two types: the α and γ-cyclodextrin constituting 6 to 8 glucopyranose units. The distinctive feature of cyclodextrin derivatives is their unique form with a toroidal structure composed of multiple glucose units linked between each other, thereby producing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity. The making of cyclodextrin drug complexes has been extensively studied for enhancing the stability, solubility, bioavailability, and dissolution rate of the therapeutic agents. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges are hyper cross-linked; they have cyclodextrin units as building blocks, which mark the capability to encapsulate an enormous range of substances (Trotta et al. 2012).
Ursolic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpene from Plants in Nanomedicine
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Monalisha Sen Gupta, Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Kumar Anand, Imran Kazmi, Muhammad Afzal, Sanmoy Karmakar
The cyclodextrin inclusion complex is one of the most studied pathways in relation to the issue of solubility. For the formation of inclusion compounds, the well-established hosts are cyclodextrins. The illustrative case of ferrocene is insertion under hydrothermal conditions, into the cyclodextrin at 100°C. Cyclodextrin also able to incorporate fragrances into the inclusion compounds, which have reduced vapor pressure, and the stability in exposure to light and air is more. Due to the slow-release action, the fragrance of these molecules lasts much longer when it incorporated into textiles (Cerga et al., 2011), (Figure 4.6).
Croton zehntneri: Essential Oils and Inclusion Complex
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Lorenna Fonseca, Mahendra Rai, Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
Among natural CDs, β-CD is the most used, its cavity is suitable for guests with a molecular mass between 100 and 400 g mol–1, the molecular mass range of most molecules of interest currently. In addition, the acquisition cost of β-CD is lower than other CDs and its greater commercial availability leads to its frequent use. Hadian et al. (2018) reported the use of β-CD for the inclusion of geraniol due to its low biotoxicity and high biocompatibility, solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds in the oral release of the drug. Currently, it is the most common cyclodextrin in pharmaceutical formulations and, therefore, probably the best studied in humans (Del Valle 2004, Hadian et al. 2018, Cavalcante et al. 2019).
Current advancements in therapy for Niemann-Pick disease: progress and pitfalls
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Tatiana Bremova-Ertl, Susanne Schneider
Several disease-modifying agents have been investigated for NPC, including intrathecal HPβCD (adrabetadex) and the heat-shock protein production stimulator arimoclomol. Unfortunately, the clinical trials for intrathecal HPβCD were not successful and arimoclomol did not obtain FDA and EMA marketing authorizations, despite promising early findings (for the status of other trials see clinicaltrials.gov). However, there are promising, late-stage drug trials ongoing and other agents that warrant further development. ALL (IB1001) is an orally administered drug that has a benign safety profile and has both symptomatic and disease-modifying effects. ALL is therefore expected to offer a substantial benefit to patients, and can be used with miglustat given the compounds’ believed synergistic mechanisms [44]. In addition, an intravenous cyclodextrin can be a therapeutic option, once and if the efficacy is demonstrated in a clinical trial. Further adjuvant therapies, e. g. antioxidants that demonstrate a very good safety profile, can be combined with disease-modifying treatments. Re-purposed drugs, such as fingolimod, used in the management of MS, or its derivative, fingolimod-phosphate as well as efavirenz, an antiretroviral agent, might be agents for future development.
Delafloxacin as a treatment option for community-acquired pneumonia infection
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Cristiana M. Nascimento-Carvalho
Phamacokinetic studies have shown that the total systemic exposure to 300 mg given intravenously and to 450 mg administered orally of delafloxacin is comparable, and this finding supports a switch between these two formulations [22]. The posologic scheme of two daily doses (every 12 hours) has been found to be pharmacologically appropriate [25,30–32]. Dose adjustment is necessary when the patient has severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular function rate under 30 mL/min) [23]. In such situation, a reduced IV dosage (200 mg) is recommended to avoid the accumulation of cyclodextrin (an excipient in the formulation) in renal tissues. Such dosage adjustment maintains therapeutic serum concentrations of delafloxacin. There is no need to reduce delafloxacin´s dose in these patients if the drug administration is oral. If the calculated glomerular filtration rate is <15 mL per minute, no intravenous or oral dosing is recommended [21].
Inhibitory effect of sixteen pharmaceutical excipients on six major organic cation and anion uptake transporters
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Ruicong Ma, Gentao Li, Xue Wang, Yajuan Bi, Youcai Zhang
Excipients are added into drug formulations to maintain drug stability, enhance the absorption of drugs, as well as deliver the desired color and taste to the drugs. Based on the applications, excipients are categorized into various classes, such as fillers, surfactants, suspending agents, preservatives, taste maskers, etc. (Goole et al., 2010). Much progress has been made to develop excipients that play a vital role in drug delivery systems (Kalász & Antal, 2006). Surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, and polysorbates (Tweens), can solubilize hydrophobic drugs by either a cosolvent approach or forming micelles (Strickley, 2004). Cyclodextrins can enhance the solubility of drugs by uptake of hydrophobic drugs or hydrophobic parts of drugs into their hydrophobic cavities (Hamman & Steenekamp, 2012). Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) can serve as permeation-enhancing agents to enhance the absorption of hydrophilic drugs (Hamman & Steenekamp, 2012).