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Ketogenic Diets
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Douglas R. Nordli, Dorcas Koenigsberger, Joanne Schroeder, Darryl C. de Vivo
For as long as the ketogenic diet has been used, however, compliance has been a critical factor determining success. Several modifications of the original formula have been made in an attempt to overcome this obstacle. In 1971, Huttenlocher et al. suggested the use of MCT oil, containing octanoic and decanoic acids, as a substitute for the fat in the classic diet (9). This alternative was found to be somewhat more palatable. Unfortunately, MCT oil is quite expensive, can produce significant diarrhea, and may be difficult to obtain in some areas. More recently. Woody et al. suggested corn oil as an alternative fat source to circumvent these difficulties (10).
Lingual Lipase
Published in Margit Hamosh, Lingual and Gastric Lipases: Their Role in Fat Digestion, 2020
Because lingual lipase is a digestive enzyme, one would assume that changes in the amount of dietary fat would affect enzyme activity. We have therefore conducted studies in which rats were fed purified diets for 2 weeks. The diets contained 4 or 22% corn oil (regular and highfat diet), 22% viatmin-free casein, 63% corn starch, and adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals.6 Lipolytic activity was measured after a 16-h fast. The results of the study102 are shown in Table 7. This study shows that feeding a high-fat purified diet leads to a marked rise in the lipase content of lingual serous glands (from 168 ± 13 nmol/min/mg in 4% fat-fed animals to 243 ± 9.5 nmol/min/mg in the 22% fat-fed group). The exponential rise in the lipase activity of the lingual serous glands immediately after birth in the rat17 could be related to the high-fat content of rat milk.
Conversion of Natural Products from Renewable Resources in Pharmaceuticals by Cytochromes P450
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Giovanna Di Nardo, Gianfranco Gilardi
Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) have attracted the attention of a lot of research due to the low-cost, easily available source (fatty acids, FAs) and the potent pharmaceutical activities (Kim and Oh, 2013). It has been reported that in US for example there is a large amount of surplus soybean oil annually. In general, vegetable oils are relatively inexpensive and their content in unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids are 22% and 55% for soybean oil and 26% and 60% for corn oil, respectively (Hou et al., 2009).
The protective effect of Eruca sativa against lipid metabolic abnormalities induced by dioxin in male rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Hussam A El-Gayar, Eman T Salem, Gamal M Edrees
Rats were classified into five groups, six rats each. The normal control (NC) group was fed on a standard diet without any supplementation. The corn oil (CO) group was treated orally with corn oil at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg BW. In the ES group, rats were given ES alcoholic extract orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW [25]. The TCDD group rats received dioxin orally 100 ng/kg BW/day [26] diluted in 2 ml corn oil. The ES + TCDD group was treated with 500 mg/kg of BW ES and 100 ng /kg/day TCDD. Treatment was continued daily for 5 weeks, at the end of the experimental period, the rats were fasted about 12 hr and anesthetized with halothane and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and sera were separated by centrifugation at 860×g for 20 min at 4°C, sera were kept at –20°C for the assay of biochemical parameters. Testes were removed, washed with 0.9% Na Cl solution, and then wiped on a piece of filter paper. Testes were washed with 50 mM (sodium phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4) in ice-containing 0.1 mM EDTA to remove any RBCs or clots, then stored at – 20°C for the assay of biochemical parameters.
The effects of prenatal and lactational bisphenol A and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on female reproductive system
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
Gizem Ozkemahli, Aylin Balci Ozyurt, Pinar Erkekoglu, Naciye Dilara Zeybek, Nilgun Yersal, Belma Kocer-Gumusel
Pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 3 pregnant in each group, and study groups were formed from the born pups:Control group (n = 5): female rats randomly selected from the offspring of pregnant rats (n = 3) to whom corn oil was administered by oral gavage.DEHP group (n = 6): female rats randomly selected from the offspring of pregnant rats (n = 3) to whom DEHP (30 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage.BPA group (n = 6): female rats randomly selected from the offspring of pregnant rats (n = 3) to whom BPA (50 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage.BPA + DEHP group (n = 6): female rats randomly selected from the offspring of pregnant rats (n = 3) to whom BPA (50 mg/kg/day) and DEHP (30 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage.
Optimization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of etomidate intravenous lipid emulsion
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Dandan Geng, Yan Li, Chunyan Wang, Bo Ren, Heping Wang, Chensi Wu, Yirong Zhang, Linlin Zhao, Ligang Zhao
SO, corn oil, castor oil, and MCT were used as the oil phases. The particle size, PDI, ZP, and DL of ETM-ILE were measured. The results are shown in Figure 4. The ETM-ILE prepared using castor oil had the highest viscosity and the largest particle size, therefore, castor oil was not suitable for intravenous injection. SO and corn oil are long-chain triglycerides. SO has been widely used in lipid emulsions, and its surface-active impurities contribute to the stability of emulsions (Powell et al., 2017). MCT is composed of shorter carbon chains, and the ETM-ILE prepared using MCT exhibited good fluidity, small particle size and PDI.