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Potential of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Caterina Anania, Francesca Olivero
Quinoa plant (Chenopodium quinoa) is a pseudocereal. They are principally cultivated in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. Though in recent years, they have also been introduced into Europe, North America, and Africa.1 Quinoa is capable of producing grains even at altitudes of 4500 m above m.s.l. (mean sea level) and has a higher nutritional value than the traditional cereals.65 The comparison between the nutritional properties of quinoa to common grains (rice, wheat, rye, barley, corn, and sorghum) clearly shows the superiority of quinoa with respect to its protein, lipid, micronutrient, and fiber content.66 Because of high nutritional value, this quinoa has been given the name “golden grain” by various ancient populations.30
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an herbaceous plant of the Chenopodiaceae or Amaranthaceae family for its edible seeds. Quinoa originated in the South American Andes region (Peru, Bolivia, Chile) and was first cultivated by the Incas as staple food for 7,000 years (160–162). There are hundreds of quinoa varieties, but the most consumed are white, red, and black quinoas. Quinoa has an outer seed coat containing bitter saponin that acts as an insecticide and is removed by simple rinsing with water before cooking. Quinoa seeds are high in proteins, amino acids, starch, fibers, minerals (iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese), B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, folate), and some antioxidants (160–162). Moreover, due to the absence of gluten, quinoa is suitable for celiac patients or gluten related disorders. Fats are rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Quinoa gives energy to the body. It helps regulate the digestive system and may prevent hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases (160–162).
Evolution
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
Recently, the existence of replicating mitochondrial virus in plants was demonstrated for the first time (Nerva et al. 2019). The 2.7 Kb contig was assembled from RNAseq data of infected Chenopodium quinoa, a plant species commonly used as a test plant in virus host-range experiments. This contig had highest similarity to mitoviruses found in plant genomes. The Northern blot analyses confirmed the existence of plus and minus strand RNA corresponding to the mitovirus genome, while no DNA corresponding to the genomic RNA was detected. The evolutionary links of the mitoviruses to the Leviviridae family were reviewed exhaustively by Marilyn J. Roossinck (2019).
Kidney microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Xin-Yu Liu, Jing Li, Yamei Zhang, Luyun Fan, Yanli Xia, Yongyang Wu, Junru Chen, Xinyu Zhao, Qiannan Gao, Bing Xu, Chunlai Nie, Zhengyu Li, Aiping Tong, Wenjie Wang, Jun Cai
Spontaneous hypertension in rats is very similar to essential hypertension in man.79 Hypertension in SHRs develops initially without any obvious organic lesions and mainly with hemodynamic alterations due to increased peripheral vascular resistance. Antihypertensive agents, which are useful for essential hypertension, are also effective in SHR.79 Therefore, it is an ideal animal model to study human essential hypertension and screen hypertensive drugs. Two diets were used in the current study: a standard laboratory chow diet (Lab Diet 5012) and a TBWF diet containing TBW (50%) and Chenopodium quinoa (50%). Eleven-week-old SHRs were acclimatized to a standard laboratory chow diet for a week in a specific-pathogen-free facility, and were randomly divided into two groups: the standard chow diet group and dietary intervention group. The diet in the experimental group was then changed to a TBWF diet, and the control groups were fed a normal chow diet. All diets were provided ad libitum for 28 weeks, unless otherwise noted. Blood pressure was measured using a noninvasive tail-cuff system (SoftronBP-98A; Softron, Tokyo, Japan). All SHRs experiments were replicated at least twice with the same TBWF.
Dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation of genistein in some (ethanol + water) mixtures at different temperatures
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Guanjun Nan, Yanru Huang, Zhengzheng Liu, Yu Liu, Yunzhe Li, Guangde Yang
It has been reported that genistein could be isolated from natural products, such as soybeans [15], the Ginkgo biloba leaves [16], quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) [17], and Radix Puerariae lobatae [18]. Many solvents have been employed to extract isoflavonoids, including water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile [19,20]. Thanks to its non-toxicity, low cost and miscibility with water in all proportions, ethanol is an ideal organic solvent that widely used in the separation and purification process of isoflavonoids [21,22]. Usually, the low solubility of compounds leads to failure in the medication development process. The solubility of drugs in common solvents is helpful for optimal formulation and application of therapeutic dose to enhance absorption and bioavailability. In the pharmaceutical sciences, ethanol is a common cosolvent employed to change aqueous solubility of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, it is significant to obtain the solubility data of genistein in the binary system of ethanol and water to obtain comprehensive physicochemical data for the drug.
Hormesis effects of gamma radiation on growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Ki Eun Song, Seung Ha Lee, Jae Gyeong Jung, Jae Eun Choi, Woojin Jun, Jin-Woong Chung, Sun Hee Hong, Sangin Shim
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is an annual crop that has been cultivated for 7000 years in the area of the Andes over 3000 m above sea level and has been used for centuries as a staple food for the Inca natives living in the Andes. Production techniques have been actively studied since the late 20th century as the nutritional value of quinoa has become known (Gomez-Pando and Eguiluz-de la Barra 2013). As considering the report of Rafique (2013) that gamma-ray dose rates at altitude, suggesting that gamma-rays showed a positive correlation with altitude. Plants living in polar regions and high altitudes expose to strong light energy than they need, so photoinhibition is common (Raven 2011). It is also to occur not only by strong light but also by moderate radiation (Takahashi and Murata 2008). Therefore, in these high-altitude agricultural areas, quinoa is highly resistant to drought, frost, and salt stress (Jacobsen et al. 2003).