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Weight Concerns
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
When it comes to eating plans, most of us were brought up with the model “calories in versus calories out.” The basic notion is that to maintain a stable weight, the number of calories you eat needs to match the number of calories you expend. Therefore, to lose weight, you need to eat fewer calories and/or burn more calories. We have been taught that getting our calories through carbohydrate, protein, or fat doesn’t matter because a calorie is a calorie.
Overweight/Obesity
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
The disease is complex, chronic, and progressive.1 Since 1980, people's weight in the U.S. has been increasing at an alarming rate.2 The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016. Over 40% of U.S. adults are classified as having have obesity.1 Obesity has now reached epidemic proportions.3 Obesity is the second-leading modifiable cause of death in the U.S., trailing only deaths related to smoking. Many factors contribute to being overweight. In order to lose weight, individuals typically must burn more calories than they consume, but this is often easier said than done.
Total Calories and Protein Intake
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Considerable effort has been expended on determining the caloric needs of humans after injuries, trauma, sepsis, bums, and surgeries, as evidenced by the number of books and book chapters on nutrition in hospitalized patients.2–7,138,139,163–171 As a result, the roles of calories in healing have been well studied. Calories are derived from metabolic degradation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins present in foodstuffs, body stores, and body tissues. Calories are defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of water by one degree Celsius under standardized conditions. Actual caloric units are termed kilocalories (kcal), but common usage has fixed the term calories as equivalent to kilocalories. In theory, carbohydrates and proteins yield 4 kcal/g, and fats yield 9 kcal/g. In actuality, each foodstuff delivers smaller amounts of energy than the theoretical maximum.
Hedgehog interacting protein as a circulating biomarker in women with obesity: a cross-sectional study and intervention studies
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Hao Wang, Yanping Wang, Hongmin Zhang, Zerong Liang, Wenjing Hu, Sheng Qiu, Ke Li, Lili Zhang, Han Dai, Mengliu Yang, Gangyi Yang, Ling Li
The prevalence of obesity and related metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), has exerted significant social and economic strain on nations worldwide [1,2]. Excessive nutrition will result in an increase in calorie intake. Reduced physical activity will result in decreased energy expenditure, increased fat accumulation, and obesity, which is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion [2–4]. Adipose tissues have been considered as energy storage organs for a long time. Recent studies have demonstrated that fat is also an endocrine organ that can regulate whole-body metabolism by secreting a vast number of cytokines. These cytokines play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of obesity and related metabolic disorders [5]. Thus, it is of significant scientific importance to investigate the role of these cytokines in obesity and associated metabolic conditions.
Metabolic and cardiopulmonary impact of aquatic exercise and nutritional guidance for four individuals with chronic motor incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Paula Richley Geigle, Anna Ogonowska-Slodownik, Joanne E Smith, Kylie James, William H. Scott
One of the factors contributing to weight gain after SCI is the persistence of eating patterns and portions partaken in pre-injury, resulting in the combination of an excessive calorie intake with reduced activity level and metabolic change. Our request to decrease portion sizes generally resulted in decreased caloric, fiber, and protein intake. However, reducing the portion size makes it difficult to ensure nutrient-dense food, especially for individuals with altered hand dexterity which may limit food preparation for those without daily assistance. An example of the problems associated with smaller portion sizes was demonstrated by participant #3 who did reduce calories from fat, and overall carbohydrate intake, but with an accompanying reduction in fiber. Following changes in food source and eating schedule, such as consuming protein for breakfast, he was able to increase overall calories, sugar, water, and protein, which helped him balance blood sugar and insulin levels.
Effects of dietary restriction on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Wenqi Lü, Tingting Yu, Weihong Kuang
From an evolutionary point of view, the survival and reproductive success of all organisms depend upon their ability to obtain food. The advanced cognitive capabilities of the human brain originally evolved as adaptations that enabled successful food acquisition [1]. In other words, passive food deprivation created by harsh reality greatly promoted the cognitive function of human ancestors. In modern society, our eating pattern has shifted to consuming three meals a day plus snacks. High-calorie foods are even popular. This is unusual when viewed in the light of evolution. Some epidemiological data showed that excessive energy intake will increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease, which directly or indirectly affect cognitive function [2,3].