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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Rapeseed oil is the oil extracted from the seed of rape or colza or canola that is the Brassica genus of the Cruciferae family (broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower). Rapeseed is intended for the production of culinary oils and biodiesel. The byproduct of oil production is rich in protein and is used as animal feeds. Rapeseed oil is lower in saturates (6.6 g/100 g) than all other vegetable oils, high in mono-unsaturated fatty acids (59.3 g/100 g), and has a high ALA (9.6 g/100 g) and lower LA (19.7 g/100 g) content compared to other vegetable oils (273). It therefore provides a good balance of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, rapeseed oils produced from the cultivars of Brassica napus or Crambe abyssinica are rich in erucic acid (55–60%) which is toxic to cardiac muscles (273–275). In addition, rapeseed oils contain glucosinolates, which interfere with the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland in animals (273). Rapeseed is cheap; therefore, it is used to produce biodiesel. Rapeseed oil is commonly used as a cooking oil, in pan frying and salad dressings.
An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Brassica napus (Figure 7.4) is an annual/biennial plant growing up to 1.2 m. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil, and can grow in heavy clay soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH and can grow even in very acid and very alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. The root is emollient and diuretic. The juice of the roots is used in the treatment of chronic coughs and bronchial catarrh. With camphor, it is applied as a remedy for rheumatism and stiff joints. It is dropped into the ear to relieve earaches (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Saeidnia & Gohari, 2012).
Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects of Food Allergy
Published in Andreas L. Lopata, Food Allergy, 2017
2S albumins are a water-soluble storage protein group widely present in mono- and dicotyledonous seeds (Candido Ede et al. 2011). They are encoded by a multigene family, which results in the presence of several isoforms in individual plants. They are synthesized as a single large precursor, which is then processed to give rise to two subunits that are held together by disulfide bonds. Typically, the 2S albumins comprise four α-helices and four to five disulfide bonds (Moreno and Clemente 2008). Although the major function of 2S albumins is the storage of amino acids, antifungal and antibacterial properties of several 2S albumins and thus their role in plant defense against pathogens were described (Candido Ede et al. 2011). A novel antimicrobial protein, SiAMP2, of the 2S albumin family was identified in sesame seeds and its inhibition of the growth of the human pathogenic bacterium Klebsiella was described (Maria-Neto et al. 2011). The 2S albumins of Brassica napus were able to significantly damage the fungal plasma lemma and to cause its permeabilization (Barciszewski et al. 2000). The number of 2S albumins that are described as food allergens is still increasing (Moreno and Clemente 2008). Many of the highly important seed, tree nut and legume allergens belong to the 2S albumins. Among them are Ara h 2, Ara h 6, and Ara h 7 from peanut (Burks et al. 1992, Kleber-Janke et al. 1999), Jug r 1 from walnut (Teuber et al. 1998), Ses i 1 and Ses i 2 from sesame seeds (Beyer et al. 2002a, Pastorello et al. 2001), Ber e 1 from Brazil nut (Pastorello et al. 1998), and Ana o 1 from cashew (Robotham et al. 2005). Ber e 1 serves as a model protein for studies of intrinsic allergenicity of food proteins (Alcocer et al. 2012).
Evaluation of the optimum threshold of gamma-ray for inducing mutation on Polianthes tuberosa cv. double and analysis of genetic variation with RAPD marker
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh, Seyed Najmedin Mortazavi, Morteza Ganjinajad, Volkan Okatan, İbrahim Kahramanoğlu
Besides the above-mentioned five primers, the OPD12, OPM13, OPC8, OPC13, and OPD13 primers were also able to show some amplified DNA fragments (Figure 3). For example, a total of 64 amplified DNA fragments were obtained in the samples of the OPD13 primer, of which nine bands, equivalent to 13.99% of the bands, were polymorphic. The OPD12 primer resulted in 65 amplified DNA fragments in the samples, of which 11 bands, equivalent to 17.10% of the bands, were polymorphic. Moreover, 90 reproducible DNA fragments were obtained in the samples in the OPM13 primer, of which 10 bands, equivalent to 10.88% of the bands, were polymorphic. The OPD3 primer resulted in 71 amplified DNA fragments in the samples, of which 18 bands, equivalent to 42.77% of the bands, were polymorphic. Finally, the OPC13 primer resulted in 44 amplified DNA fragments in the samples, of which 15 bands, equivalent to 44.18% of the bands, were polymorphic. The highest number of amplified fragments (90) was related to the OPM13 primer and the lowest number (40) to the OPM10 primer. The polymorphism shown by different primers ranged from 9.5% to 44.18%. The rate of polymorphic initiation was 45% in the study of Kroth et al. (2005), 33% in Hong et al. (2001), 15% in Yongtai et al. (2004), 45% in Kochieva et al. (2001), and 93% in Selbach and Cavalli-Molina (2000). Similar results have been reported in genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus) (Abdelmigid 2012) and P. tuberosa (Majd et al. 2013) in India. Majd et al. (2013) stated that rapid analysis was a diagnostic tool to study the genetic diversity of P. tuberosa genotypes (Figure 4).
The Brassica Napus Extract (BNE)-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles as an Early Necroptosis and Late Apoptosis Inducer in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Hanieh Shabestarian, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Ali Es-haghi, Farzanehsadat Khadem
Nowadays, the replacement of natural compounds with chemical treatments to prevent the harms of chemotherapy is being studied and researchers are trying to identify and use natural compounds with tumor inhibitory properties and minimal side effects (11). Phytochemical-based cancer therapy has been successfully applied in treating different types of human cancers such as lung, breast, and colon due to its more biocompatibility and diminished harmful side effects (12–15). Previous studies have examined and confirmed the medicinal effects of some herbal compounds (16, 17). Brassica napus L. is found as a common medicinal food plant in North Africa, Middle Asia, and West Europe. It is called “Colza” in Iranian traditional medicine. It is commonly used for various types of medical applications as the anti-scurvy, diuretic, and bladder anti-inflammatory compound. The rapeseeds’ seeds composition are different in amounts of their phytochemicals such as α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, tocopherols, erucic acid, gluconapin, progoitrin, and phenolic content (18). Despite the therapeutic properties of many herbal compounds, their effect on non-target organs, instability and oxidation of some active substances and also their insolubility in water are the limitations of clinical use of these compounds (17).
The predictive utility of the plant phylogeny in identifying sources of cardiovascular drugs
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Emily Guzman, Jeanmaire Molina
Three of five species in the unrelated family, Brassicaceae, also exhibited diuretic activity. Lepidium latifolium, traditionally used in the Canary Islands to treat renal lithiasis (kidney stones), exhibited hypotensive effect due to its diuretic action (Tabassum and Ahmad 2011). The Chinese herbal species, Erysimum cheiranthoides, was shown to increase urine volume and decrease potassium channel activity of the kidney, most likely due to its cardiotonic glycosides such as erysimin (Shan et al. 2001). Raphanus sativus (syn. Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus), or radish, was also experimentally found to promote diuresis in rats (Vargas et al. 1999). Other species in the family were found to exhibit other mechanisms of action (Figure 1 and Table 1). Brassica napus was found to exhibit another mechanism, as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzymes. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) is traditionally used to treat anaemia in Navarra, Spain, but has no known mechanism of action (Calvo and Cavero 2014). Though the specific phytochemistry promoting diuresis is not clear, since 3/5 species in Brassicaceae were experimentally shown to be diuretic, we can predict that the other species may exert this action. This phylogenetic pharmacological pattern could guide future research of plant species that have yet to be experimentally studied, such as N. officinale.